TABLE 1.
Descriptive Patient Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, Treatments and Outcomes of Study Population
| Variable | All Patients (N = 789) | Patients Without GI Involvement (N = 289) | Patients With GI Involvement (N = 500) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in yr, median (IQR) | 6.0 (1, 14) | 2.0 (0, 13) | 8.0 (1.5, 14) | <0.0001 |
| Age group, n (%) | ||||
| <2 | 259 (32.8) | 134 (46.4) | 125 (25.0) | <0.0001 |
| 2–10 | 240 (30.4) | 64 (22.1) | ||
| >10 | 290 (36.8) | 91 (31.5) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 427 (54.1) | 150 (51.9) | 277 (55.4) | 0.34 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 347 (44.0) | 117 (40.5) | 230 (46.0) | 0.01 |
| Black | 184 (23.3) | 63 (21.8) | 121 (24.2) | |
| Other | 79 (10.0) | 42 (14.5) | 37 (7.4) | |
| Missing/not specified | 179 (22.7) | 67 (23.2) | 112 (22.4) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Hispanic | 261 (33.1) | 87 (30.1) | 174 (34.8) | 0.18 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Any comorbidity | 342 (43.4) | 117 (40.5) | 225 (45.0) | 0.22 |
| Any pulmonary comorbidity | 140 (17.7) | 55 (19.0) | 85 (17.0) | 0.47 |
| Any central nervous system comorbidity | 131 (16.6) | 54 (18.7) | 77 (15.4) | 0.23 |
| Any rheumatology/immunology/endocrine/oncology comorbidity | 118 (15.0) | 40 (13.8) | 78 (15.6) | 0.50 |
| Any GI/liver comorbidity | 112 (14.2) | 21 (7.3) | 91 (18.2) | <0.0001 |
| Any cardiac comorbidity | 56 (7.1) | 21 (7.3) | 35 (7.0) | 0.89 |
| Any kidney comorbidity | 41 (5.2) | 20 (6.9) | 21 (4.2) | 0.10 |
| Any previous transplant | 14 (1.8) | 5 (1.7) | 9 (1.8) | 0.94 |
| Asthma | 93 (11.8) | 30 (10.4) | 63 (12.6) | 0.35 |
| Seizures/epilepsy | 66 (8.4) | 32 (11.1) | 34 (6.8) | 0.04 |
| Obesity | 53 (6.7) | 5 (1.7) | 48 (9.6) | <0.0001 |
| Developmental delay | 50 (6.3) | 22 (7.6) | 28 (5.6) | 0.26 |
| Treatments, n (%) | ||||
| High flow nasal cannula | 108 (13.7) | 22 (7.6) | 86 (17.2) | 0.0002 |
| Vasopressor/inotrope use | 89 (11.3) | 15 (5.2) | 74 (14.8) | <0.0001 |
| Invasive ventilation | 90 (11.4) | 37 (12.8) | 53 (10.6) | 0.35 |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 68 (8.6) | 20 (6.9) | 48 (9.6) | 0.20 |
| Neuromuscular blocking agents | 43 (5.5) | 18 (6.2) | 25 (5.0) | 0.46 |
| Nitric oxide | 15 (1.9) | 3 (1.0) | 12 (2.4) | 0.18 |
| ECMO | 7 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | 6 (1.2) | 0.43 |
| CRRT | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | >0.99 |
| Treatment duration in days, median (IQR) | ||||
| Hospital length of stay | 3.8 (1.9, 8) | 3.0 (1.6, 6.9) | 4.3 (2, 8.1) | 0.002 |
| N missing (%) | 6 (0.8) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (0.4) | |
| ICU length of stay | 3.8 (2, 8) | 3.3 (1.4, 8.7) | 3.9 (2, 7.5) | 0.42 |
| N missing (%) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.4) | |
| High flow nasal cannula | 2.2 (0.9, 4.3) | 3.3 (2.2, 5) | 2.0 (0.8, 3) | 0.04 |
| N missing (%) | 21 (20.6) | 11 (52.4) | 10 (12.3) | |
| Invasive ventilation | 5.0 (2, 7) | 3.0 (1.2, 6.7) | 5.1 (2.6, 8.6) | 0.45 |
| N missing (%) | 9 (12.0) | 5 (15.6) | 4 (9.3) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 2.1 (1, 4.5) | 2.5 (0.7, 6.7) | 2.1 (1, 3.3) | 0.93 |
| N missing (%) | 5 (7.8) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (8.9) | |
| ECMO | 5.4 (1.2, 8.5) | 5.4 (5.4, 5.4) | 6.5 (1.2, 8.5) | 0.39 |
| N missing (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Critical illness | 392 (49.7) | 121 (41.9) | 271 (54.2) | 0.001 |
| MIS-C incidence | 217 (27.5) | 24 (8.3) | 193 (38.6) | <0.0001 |
| Prolonged hospital length of stay | 195 (25.3) | 59 (20.9) | 136 (27.8) | 0.03 |
| Mortality | 18 (2.3) | 7 (2.4) | 11 (2.2) | 0.84 |
N indicates number of patients.