TABLE 3.
Comparison of Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, Treatments and Outcomes of Patients With GI Involvement Due to Acute COVID-19 and MIS-C
| Variable | Acute COVID-19 Patients With GI Involvement (N = 307) | MIS-C Patients With GI Involvement (N = 193) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in yr, median (IQR) | 7.0 (1, 14) | 8.0 (4, 13) | 0.37 |
| Age group, n (%) | |||
| <2 | 99 (32.2) | 26 (13.5) | <0.0001 |
| 2–10 | 80 (26.1) | 96 (49.7) | |
| >10 | 128 (41.7) | 71 (36.8) | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 164 (53.4) | 113 (58.6) | 0.26 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 146 (47.5) | 84 (43.5) | 0.09 |
| Black | 64 (20.9) | 57 (29.5) | |
| Other | 21 (6.8) | 16 (8.3) | |
| Missing/not specified | 76 (24.8) | 36 (18.7) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 119 (38.8) | 55 (28.5) | 0.02 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Any comorbidity | 166 (54.1) | 59 (30.6) | <0.0001 |
| Any pulmonary comorbidity | 60 (19.5) | 25 (13.0) | 0.06 |
| Any central nervous system comorbidity | 56 (18.2) | 21 (10.9) | 0.03 |
| Any rheumatology/immunology/endocrine/oncology comorbidity | 68 (22.2) | 10 (5.2) | <0.0001 |
| Any GI/liver comorbidity | 68 (22.2) | 23 (11.9) | 0.004 |
| Any cardiac comorbidity | 25 (8.1) | 10 (5.2) | 0.21 |
| Any kidney comorbidity | 18 (5.9) | 3 (1.6) | 0.02 |
| Any previous transplant | 9 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
| Asthma | 41 (13.4) | 22 (11.4) | 0.52 |
| Seizures/epilepsy | 26 (8.5) | 8 (4.2) | 0.06 |
| Obesity | 31 (10.1) | 17 (8.8) | 0.63 |
| Developmental delay | 20 (6.5) | 8 (4.2) | 0.26 |
| Treatments, n (%) | |||
| High flow nasal cannula | 45 (14.7) | 41 (21.2) | 0.06 |
| Vasopressor/inotrope use | 10 (3.3) | 64 (33.2) | <0.0001 |
| Invasive ventilation | 19 (6.2) | 34 (17.6) | <0.0001 |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 15 (4.9) | 33 (17.1) | <0.0001 |
| Neuromuscular blocking agents | 11 (3.6) | 14 (7.3) | 0.07 |
| Nitric oxide | 2 (0.7) | 10 (5.2) | 0.002 |
| ECMO | 2 (0.7) | 4 (2.1) | 0.21 |
| CRRT | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.39 |
| Treatment duration in days, median (IQR) | |||
| Hospital length of stay | 3.0 (1.7, 6) | 6.6 (4, 10) | <0.0001 |
| N missing (%) | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0) | |
| ICU length of stay | 3.4 (1.7, 8.3) | 4.3 (2.8, 7) | 0.01 |
| N missing (%) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | |
| High flow nasal cannula | 2.6 (0.9, 5.8) | 1.8 (0.7, 2.8) | 0.11 |
| N missing (%) | 4 (9.1) | 6 (16.2) | |
| Invasive ventilation | 6.0 (3.5, 13) | 4.9 (2.6, 7) | 0.26 |
| N missing (%) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (10.3) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 2.6 (1, 5.6) | 1.9 (1, 3.2) | 0.45 |
| N missing (%) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (10.0) | |
| ECMO | 3.1 (1.2, 4.9) | 8.3 (4.4, 8.8) | 0.11 |
| N missing (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Outcomes, n (%) | |||
| Critical illness | 122 (39.7) | 149 (77.2) | <0.0001 |
| Prolonged hospital length of stay | 59 (19.5) | 77 (41.2) | <0.0001 |
| Mortality | 5 (1.6) | 6 (3.1) | 0.35 |
N indicates number of patients.