Table 5.
The Distribution of DASS- 42 scores by Baby's characteristics.
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS- 42) | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | |||||
| Median(min-max) | Test and p value | Median(min-max) | Test and p value | Median(min-max) | Test and p value | Median(min-max) | Test and p value | |
| Having another child | z = −1.843 p = 0.065 | z = −1.488 p = 0.137 | z = −1.124 p = 0.261 | z = −1.958 p = 0.05 | ||||
| Yes | 32(6–101) | 12(0–29) | 6.5(0–34) | 14.5(2–39) | ||||
| No | 43(3–105) | 13(0–40) | 13(1–33) | 20(2–38) | ||||
| Gestation week | K = 0.667 p = 0.716 | K = 1.753 p = 0.416 | K = 2.843 p = 0.241 | K = 0.070 p = 0.966 | ||||
| <28 | 42(8–105) | 15(0–40) | 7(0–34) | 19(5–39) | ||||
| 28-36 | 47.5(5–101) | 15.5(0–34) | 14(2–33) | 19(2–36) | ||||
| 37-42 | 40(3–94) | 11(0–29) | 11.5(1–33) | 16.5(2–36) | ||||
| Delivery type | z = −0.51 p = 0.61 | z = −0.1 p = 0.92 | z = −1.021 p = 0.307 | z = −0.474 p = 0.635 | ||||
| Vaginal | 41(12–84) | 12(1–34) | 12(1–24) | 18(3–35) | ||||
| C-section | 42(3–105) | 13.5(0–40) | 10.5(0–34) | 18.5(2–39) | ||||
| Birth weight | r = 0.048 p = 0.647 | r = 0.001 p = 0.995 | r = 0.116 p = 0.267 | r = 0.022 p = 0.832 | ||||
| Baby gender | z = −0.234 p = 0.815 | z = −0.731 p = 0.465 | z = −0.352 p = 0.725 | z = −1.261 p = 0.207 | ||||
| Girl | 47(3–105) | 14(0–40) | 12.5(1–34) | 18(2–39) | ||||
| Boy | 41.5(6–94) | 12(0–34) | 11(0–33) | 19(2–36) | ||||
| Baby diagnosis | z = −1.241 p = 0.214 | z = −1.038 p = 0.299 | z = −1.947 p = 0.052 | z = −0.788 p = 0.43 | ||||
| Premature | 42(5–105) | 12(0–40) | 7(0–34) | 17(2–39) | ||||
| Other | 42(3–101) | 13(0–34) | 13.5(1–33) | 20(2–36) | ||||
| Informer | z = −1.189 p = 0.234 | z = −0.398 p = 0.691 | z = −1.107 p = 0.268 | z = −1.783 p = 0.075 | ||||
| Physician | 47(3–105) | 13(0–40) | 13(1–34) | 20(2–39) | ||||
| Nurse | 31(5–101) | 12(0–34) | 8(0–33) | 16(2–34) | ||||
| Miscarriage | z = −1.21 p = 0.226 | z = −0.764 p = 0.445 | z = −0.765 p = 0.444 | z = −1.748 p = 0.08 | ||||
| Yes | 60(3–105) | 18(0–40) | 16(1–27) | 24(2–38) | ||||
| No | 43(5–101) | 15(0–34) | 14(0–34) | 19(2–39) | ||||
| Baby admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit before | z = −1.035 p = 0.301 | z = −1.119 p = 0.263 | z = −1.417 p = 0.156 | z = −0.524 p = 0.6 | ||||
| Yes | 41(3–71) | 8(0–29) | 8(1–19) | 18(2–29) | ||||
| No | 42(5–105) | 13.5(0–40) | 11.5(0–34) | 18.5(2–39) | ||||
| Baby respirator | z = −0.012 p = 0.99 | z = −0.452 p = 0.651 | z = −0.778 p = 0.437 | z = −1.102 p = 0.27 | ||||
| Yes | 41(8–105) | 12(0–40) | 10(0–34) | 18(3–39) | ||||
| No | 44.5(3–101) | 14.5(0–34) | 14(1–33) | 18(2–34) | ||||
| Support from the spouse's mother and other family members during the baby's admission | z = −1.189 p = 0.235 | z = −1.142 p = 0.254 | z = −1.11 p = 0.267 | z = −0.955 p = 0.34 | ||||
| No | 47(5–105) | 15(0–40) | 14(1–33) | 20(2–38) | ||||
| Yes | 39.5(3–101) | 12(0–31) | 8(0–34) | 16.5(2–39) | ||||
| Support from your mother and other family members during the baby's admission | z = −0.443 p = 0.658 | z = −0.516 p = 0.606 | z = −0.185 p = 0.853 | z = −0.342 p = 0.732 | ||||
| No | 45(5–105) | 14.5(0–40) | 11(1–33) | 19(2–38) | ||||
| Yes | 42(3–101) | 12(0–31) | 11(0–34) | 18(2–39) | ||||
| Support from friends during the baby's admission | z = −0.25 p = 0.802 | z = −0.457 p = 0.648 | z = −0.568 p = 0.57 | z = −0.028 p = 0.978 | ||||
| No | 41(5–101) | 12(0–34) | 10.5(1–33) | 18.5(2–36) | ||||
| Yes | 47(3–105) | 15(0–40) | 12(0–34) | 19(2–39) | ||||
| Follow-up duration in the intensive care unit | r = −0.027 p = 0.797 | r = 0.006 p = 0.951 | r = −0.043 p = 0.684 | r = 0.018 p = 0.868 | ||||
| Having someone else helping with the care of children | z = −0.637 p = 0.524 | z = −0.811 p = 0.417 | z = −0.495 p = 0.621 | z = −0.561 p = 0.574 | ||||
| Yes | 41(3–101) | 11.5(0–34) | 10(1–33) | 17.5(2–36) | ||||
| No | 43(7–105) | 15(1–40) | 11(0–33) | 20(2–38) | ||||
| Admission in other children | z = −0.441 p = 0.659 | z = −0.778 p = 0.437 | z = −0.868 p = 0.385 | z = −0.171 p = 0.864 | ||||
| Yes, very often/always-Several times | 39.5(3–88) | 10(0–34) | 8(1–31) | 18.5(2–29) | ||||
| No, never | 42(5–105) | 14(0–40) | 11(0–33) | 17(2–38) | ||||
| Anxiety due to “no visitors” policy | z=-4.689 p<0.001 | z=-4.208 p<0.001 | z=-4.22 p<0.001 | z=-4.428 p<0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 47(6–105) | 16(1–40) | 14(1–34) | 20(2–39) | ||||
| No | 20.5(3–51) | 5.5(0–16) | 4.5(0–14) | 9.5(2–21) | ||||
| Frequency of getting information about the baby | z = −1.001 p = 0.317 | z = −1.344 p = 0.179 | z = −1.046 p = 0.296 | z = −0.499 p = 0.618 | ||||
| Every day | 47(3–105) | 15(0–40) | 12.5(0–34) | 19(2–39) | ||||
| Every few days-once a week | 34(7–101) | 8(1–34) | 8(1–33) | 17(2–36) | ||||
| Seeing the baby last | z=-2.452 p=0.014 | z = −1.472 p = 0.141 | z = −1.5 p = 0.133 | z=-3.065 p=0.002 | ||||
| During birth | 27(3–105) | 9(0–40) | 7(0–27) | 10(2–38) | ||||
| Video call | 43(7–101) | 13(0–34) | 12(0–34) | 20(2–39) | ||||
r: Spearman Correlation coefficient, z: Mann-Whitney U test z statistic, K= Kruskal-Wallis test test statistic.