TABLE 1.

Characteristics of studies and included patients

Study ID	Study design	Country	number of patients	Age	Sex	Study period	Vertigo	Nystagmus (spontaneous)	Dix–Hallpike maneuver	Initial Diagnosis	The right diagnosis	Treatment	Conclusion
Frohman 2000	Case series	USA	25	44.6 (14.5)	Male 8 (32%) Females 17 (68%)	4 years	Positional 13 (52%) Intermittent 3 (12%) Constant 6 (24%) Episodic 1 (4%) Paroxysmal 1 (4%) Head movement 1 (4%)	Right 7 (28%) Left 3 (12%) bilateral gaze evoked 1 (4%) Not observed 14 (56%)	Right 10 (40%) Left 3 (12%) Not observed 12 (48%)	BPPV 13 (52%) MS plaque 8 (32%) Meniere's disease 1 (4%) Vestibular neuritis 1 (4%) Vertigo paroxysms 1 (4%) Vertiginous migraine 1 (4%)		Epley 13 (52%) Steroids 8 (32%) Clonazepam 2 (8%) Carbamazepine 1 (4%) Diet and salt restriction 1 (4%)	This study reported that BPPV may be the most common cause for vertigo in MS. treating with vestibular suppressants does not have any role in the treatment of this mechanical condition.
Thomas 2016	Case series	USA	5	Young adult 2 (40%) Elderly patient 1 (20%) Middle‐aged adult 2 (40%)	NR	4 weeks	Positional 5 (100%)	Right 1 (20%) bilateral gaze evoked 1 (20%) NR 3 (60%)	NR	One case BPPV	MS	‐	Barriers to allied health professionals may lead to error diagnosis, so sociocultural barriers should be breaking down.
Musat 2020	Case report	Romania	1	31	Female	NR	Positional	No spontaneous nystagmus	Right	BPPV	MS	Deep head hanging maneuver was applied but without any positive result	Central positional nystagmus must be suspicioned whenever the nystagmus elicited at the positional testing is atypical
Yoosefinejad 2015	Case report	Iran	1	34	Female	MS diagnosed first 6 years before BPPV	Positional	NR	NR	BPPV		Semont and Epley exercises	Semont and Epley significantly relieved the BPPV symptoms with 2 weeks follow‐up.

Abbreviations: BPPV, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; MS, Multiple sclerosis, and NR = Not reported.