Table 2.

Baseline characteristics and risk factors among the study population.

Variable	Cases (n = 85)	Controls (n = 85)	P value	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Age, mean (year)	35.41 ± 17.7	35.47 ± 18.75	0.98	–
Age group
˂ 40	31 (36.4%)	30 (35.3%)	–	Reference
20–40	35 (41.2%)	33 (38.8%)	0.94	1.0 (0.5–2.0)
˃ 20	19 (22.4%)	22 (25.9%)	0.66	0.8 (0.4–1.8)
Gender
Females	52 (61.2%)	53 (62.4%)	–	Reference
Males	33 (38.8%)	32 (37.6%)	0.87	1.0 (0.6–1.9)
Smoking
Passive	48 (56.5%)	23 (27.1%)	–	Reference
Smoker	18 (21.2%)	17 (20%)	0.1	0.5 (0.2–1.2)
Non-smoker	19 (22.2%)	45 (37.5%)	< 0.0001*	0.2 (0.1–0.4)
Degree of obesity
Normal	23 (27.1%)	25 (29.4%)	–	Reference
Underweight	5 (5.8%)	3 (3.5%)	0.45	1.8 (0.4–8.4)
Overweight	55 (64.7%)	53 (62.4%)	0.73	1.1 (0.6–2.2)
Obese	2 (2.4%)	4 (4.7%)	0.5	0.5 (0.1–3.3)
Family history
Positive	16 (24.4%)		< 0.0001*
Negative	69 (81.1%)
Exposure to stress
Yes	58 (68.2%)		< 0.0001*
No	27 (31.8%)

Data are shown as number (percentage) or mean ± SD. *P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. BMI body mass index.