Table 2.
Treatment effect over time and outcome at three months follow-up by treatment group
| Effect | Outcome at three months follow-up | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F (ptreatment) | F (pinteraction) | Operative (N = 245) | Nonoperative (N = 145) | |
| Patient-reported outcome measures | ||||
| DASH | 11.79 (0.001) | 27.30 (< 0.001) | 22.3 (19.9–24.6) | 29.6 (26.6–32.6) |
| Constant–Murley | 19.45 (< 0.001) | 44.23 (< 0.001) | 54 (51–56) | 42 (39–46) |
| Pain | 0.50 (0.479) | 3.98 (0.003) | 2.7 (2.3–3.0) | 2.4 (1.9–2.8) |
| Activity resumption | 3.69 (0.056) | 7.79 (< 0.001) | 6.7 (6.3–7.0) | 5.7 (5.2–6.2) |
| HR-QoL | ||||
| SF-36 | ||||
| PCS | 0.49 (0.484) | 7.36 (< 0.001) | 43 (42–44) | 41 (40–43) |
| MCS | 7.80 (0.005) | 1.80 (0.126) | 55 (54–57) | 51 (49–53) |
| EQ-5D | ||||
| US | 6.04 (0.014) | 10.97 (< 0.001) | 0.77 (0.74–0.80) | 0.72 (0.68–0.75) |
| VAS | 0.96 (0.328) | 1.73 (0.141) | 76 (74–78) | 74 (72–77) |
| Shoulder range of motion (°) | ||||
| Abduction | 45.79 (< 0.001) | 43.01 (< 0.001) | 105 (99–110) | 77 (70–84) |
| Anteflexion | 67.27 (< 0.001) | 70.32 (< 0.001) | 111 (106–116) | 81 (75–88) |
| External rotation | 156.03 (< 0.001) | 81.58 (< 0.001) | 58 (54–61) | 41 (36–45) |
| Internal rotation | 0.32 (0.570) | 0.64 (0.636) | 58 (55–60) | 57 (53–60) |
| Elbow range of motion (°) | ||||
| Flexion | 52.86 (< 0.001) | 21.11 (< 0.001) | 137 (135–139) | 129 (126–132) |
| Extension deficit | 56.41 (< 0.001) | 27.60 (< 0.001) | − 5 (− 7 to − 3) | − 11 (− 14 to − 8) |
| Pronation | 42.88 (< 0.001) | 16.99 (< 0.001) | 84 (82–85) | 81 (79–83) |
| Supination | 28.64 (< 0.001) | 22.68 (< 0.001) | 82 (80–84) | 78 (76–881) |
Changes in recovery pattern were assessed in the multilevel model. Results are shown by the F value for treatment and for the interaction term in the model (treatment * follow-up moment), with their corresponding p value in parenthesis
DASH disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand, EQ-5D EuroQoL-5D, HR-QoL health-related quality of life, MCS mental component summary, PCS physical component summary, SF-36 short form-36, US utility score, VAS visual analog scale
Data of the outcome at three months are shown as the estimated marginal mean with 95% confidence interval after three months follow-up adjusted for age, gender, and fracture type. If the intervals did not overlap, this is indicated in bold face. The Constant–Murley score, pain score, and ranges of motion of the shoulder and arm are shown for the affected side. Bold face indicates that the 95% confidence interval of the two treatment groups did not overlap (p < 0.05, Bonferroni test)