Table 3.
Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical variables among phenotypes of pre-diabetes
| n = 1549 | No pre-diabetes (n = 1121) | Isolated IFG (n = 83) | Isolated IGT (n = 78) | Isolated IA1c (n = 177) | ≥ 2 phenotypes (n = 90) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender, n (%) | 563 (50) | 52 (63)a | 32 (41) | 87 (49) | 40 (44) |
| Prepubertal stage, n (%) | 162 (14) | 10 (12) | 4 (5)a | 17 (10)a | 7 (8) |
| Family history, n (%) | 586 (52) | 44 (53) | 54 (69)b | 77 (44) | 43 (48) |
| Age (years) | 11.5 ± 2.7 | 11.8 ± 2.6 | 12.2 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 2.5 | 12.4 ± 2.6 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 31.7 ± 6.0 | 31.0 ± 5.3 | 31.2 ± 6.1 | 32.4 ± 6.2b |
| BMI-SDS | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6b |
| G0, (mg/dL) | 85.8 ± 8.1 | 103.9 ± 4.0c | 89.0 ± 7.2c | 87.5 ± 7.2 | 102.7 ± 8.8c |
| G120, (mg/dL) | 105.2 ± 15.6 | 117.3 ± 13.1c | 153.3 ± 13.2c | 109.8 ± 16.2c | 139.8 ± 26.7c |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 33.0 ± 3.7 | 34.3 ± 2.9b | 33.2 ± 3.4 | 40.3 ± 1.6c | 40.1 ± 2.7c |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3b | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.1c | 5.8 ± 0.2c |
| I0 (µUI/mL) | 16.1 (11.4–23.7) | 17.9 (12.5–25.9) | 20.4 (13.7–34.1)c | 19.3 (12.8–26.6) | 24.8 (14.6–36.3)c |
| HOMA-IR | 3.4 (2.3–4.9) | 4.5 (3.1–6.8)c | 4.5 (3.1–7.3)c | 4.1 (2.8–5.9) | 6.2 (3.8–9.0)c |
| 1/I0 (µUI/mL) | 0.06 (0.04–0.09) | 0.06 (0.04–0.08) | 0.05 (0.03–0.07)c | 0.05 (0.04–0.08) | 0.04 (0.03–0.07)c |
| Cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 154.1 ± 29.4 | 154.1 ± 33.5 | 154.8 ± 30.4 | 156.3 ± 27.9 | 155.1 ± 25.5 |
| HDL C (mg/dL) | 48.1 ± 10.5 | 44.2 ± 7.9c | 43.2 ± 7.3c | 44.3 ± 7.4c | 44.3 ± 10.3c |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 78.0 (61.0–102.0) | 86.0 (60.0–108.0) | 87.0 (66.0–115.0) | 89.0 (69.0–112.5)b | 88.0 (67.0–111.3) |
| TG/HDL ratio | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 2.0 (1.3–2.6) | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) c | 2.0 (1.4–2.8)c | 2.0 (1.5–2.7)c |
| TC/HDL ratio | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 1.0c | 3.6 ± 0.8c | 3.6 ± 0.9c |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 113.1 ± 13.8 | 114.6 ± 12.9 | 115.6 ± 14.8 | 112.4 ± 14.8 | 117.7 ± 12.7 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 67.6 ± 9.4 | 69.1 ± 9.5 | 66.6 ± 9.3 | 66.7 ± 9.3 | 71.8 ± 9.8 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (IQ range), n (%)
aP < 0.05 vs no pre-diabetes
bP < 0.025 vs no pre-diabetes
cP < 0.001 vs no pre-diabetes