Table 2.
Changes in dietary intake, body composition, inflammatory cytokines, and adipocytokines from baseline to 10% weight loss
| Baseline (n = 37) | 10% weight loss (n = 37) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary intake | |||
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1881.0 (650.2) | 1109.2 (280.2) | 0.000 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 259.2 (106.0) | 98.2 (45.0) | 0.000 |
| Protein (g/d) | 66.7 (45.9, 81.8) | 68.9 (56.7, 84.3) | 0.492 |
| Fat (g/d) | 63.3 (48.1, 85.5) | 50.0 (40.5, 61.1) | 0.000 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 402.1 (249.1, 545.2) | 610.0 (483.5, 742.6) | 0.024 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 1019.8 (366.1) | 965.8 (274.4) | 0.398 |
| Calcium/phosphorus ratio | 0.45 (0.29, 0.65) | 0.65 (0.52, 0.79) | 0.009 |
| Sunshine exposure (min/week) | 60 (0, 210) | 70 (0, 210) | 0.670 |
| Body composition | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 84.9 (16.1) | 76.4(14.9) | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 (4.2) | 27.5 (3.9) | 0.000 |
| Fat body mass (kg) | 30.3 (24.5, 37.3) | 23.9 (19.8, 30.4) | 0.000 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 54.4 (9.9) | 51.1 (8.9) | 0.000 |
| Body water (kg) | 39.1 (7.2) | 36.8 (6.4) | 0.000 |
| Minerals (kg) | 4.7 (4.0, 5.5) | 4.3 (3.6, 5.1) | 0.000 |
| Basal metabolism (kcal) | 1300 (1236, 1471) | 1272 (1211, 1420) | 0.000 |
| Serum markers | |||
| IL-1β (pg/ mL) | 5.91 (5.45, 7.08) | 5.73 (5.27, 7.02) | 0.886 |
| IL-2 (pg/mL) | 10.53 (8.94, 12.55) | 9.37 (8.90, 10.66) | 0.013 |
| IL-6 (pg/ mL) | 4.33 (2.05, 5.12) | 3.89 (1.11, 5.41) | 0.492 |
| IL-8 (pg/ mL) | 4.53 (3.82, 5.00) | 4.58 (4.08, 5.01) | 0.667 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 8.82 (7.00, 12.20) | 10.82 (7.49, 12.68) | 0.274 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 6.33 (5.34, 8.65) | 6.72 (5.16, 7.49) | 0.258 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 33.11 (18.58, 46.90) | 18.9 (13.0, 30.8) | 0.001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 5.70 (4.60, 7.55) | 6.08 (5.02, 8.15) | 0.541 |
| Acylated ghrelin (pg/mL) | 11.46 (6.31, 19.57) | 17.08 (6.50, 29.65) | 0.033 |
Data with normal distributions are given as the mean (SD); those with skewed distributions are presented as the median (IQR)