Table 6.

Key constraining factors to effective healthy city implementation (Palutturi, 2013)

Environment/context	Clear communication
Enabling climate	Open and frequent
	Established formal and informal communication links
Membership nature
Commitment and synergy	Purposes
Understanding the partner needs and trust	Concrete goals and objectives
Collaborative members seeing collaboration as in their self interest	Shared vision
Voluntarism relating to members' contribution	Shared responsibilities, benefits, and risks
Process and structure	Resources
Clear roles and responsibilities	Strong leadership and political will
Community participation	Skills and capacity

Source: Palutturi S. Healthy Cities Implementation in Indonesia: Challenges and Determinants of Successful Partnership Development at Local Government Level. Griffith University; 2013.