. 2022 Jul 26;9:942253. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.942253

Table 2.

Serum biochemical parameters of piglets fed with diets containing different levels of LFP.

Items	Dietary supplemented LFP level, mg/kg				SEM	P -value
	0	50	150	250		ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
ALT (U/L)	29.00	33.80	32.00	29.00	1.42	0.578	0.380	0.764
AST (U/L)	57.50^a	38.20^b	38.83^b	41.50^b	2.25	0.001	0.002	0.006
TP (g/L)	55.83	54.77	54.93	55.25	0.52	0.921	0.583	0.860
ALB (g/L)	26.50	25.72	26.52	25.30	0.38	0.799	0.452	0.835
GLOB (g/L)	30.37	29.67	28.42	28.37	0.81	0.874	0.779	0.348
ALP (U/L)	115.20^b	184.40^a	154.80^ab	156.00^ab	7.98	0.009	0.002	0.654
GGT (U/L)	33.67	33.80	34.67	30.00	1.82	0.823	0.810	0.719
GLU (mmol/L)	4.56	4.26	4.65	4.08	0.14	0.531	0.260	0.880
TC (mmol/L)	2.29^a	1.97^b	2.13^ab	2.06^ab	0.04	0.042	0.007	0.642
TG (mmol/L)	0.40	0.38	0.40	0.40	0.02	0.980	0.708	0.837
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.68^a	0.56^b	0.65^ab	0.62^ab	0.02	0.017	0.002	0.691
LDL-C (mmol/L)	0.85	0.91	0.93	0.90	0.02	0.611	0.490	0.402
LDH (U/L)	313.36	300.66	271.52	304.53	11.78	0.612	0.963	0.451
BUN (mmol/L)	1.30	1.24	1.18	1.36	0.08	0.727	0.961	0.806

SEM, total standard error of the mean (n = 6). LFP, licorice flavonoids powder; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLOB, globulin, GLOB = TP – ALB; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; GLU, glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen. ^{a, b}Mean values within a row with different superscript letters were significantly different among diets with 0, 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg of LFP (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.05, Tukey's post-hoc test).