TABLE 1.

Agonist ligands with activity at GPR84

Compound name	Reported potency (EC50)	Model system (in vitro, ex vivo)	Comment	References
Orthosteric
Decanoic acid (C10)	Human: 0.8–20.0 μM b 4.5–25.1 μM a 48 mM a	‐Recombinant system ‐RAW264.7 cells ‐Mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages ‐Mouse primary cultured microglia ‐3T3‐L1 adipocytes		Wang et al., 2006 Nagasaki et al., 2012 Suzuki et al., 2013 Southern et al., 2013 Nikaido et al., 2015 Pillaiyar et al., 2017 Wei, Tokizane, Konishi, Yu, & Kiyama, 2017 Al Mahmud et al., 2017 Recio et al., 2018 Puengel et al., 2020 Lucy et al., 2019
Embelin	Human: 89–200 nM b 0.63 μM a 0.4 μM c Mouse: 220 nM b	‐Recombinant system ‐Human monocyte‐derived macrophages ‐Mouse peritoneal macrophages ‐Human blood‐derived neutrophils ‐Mouse blood‐derived neutrophils ‐Mouse primary cultured microglia ‐Human monocyte ‐Rat neutrophils		Hakak, Unett, Gatlin, & Liaw, 2007 Southern et al., 2013 Al Mahmud et al., 2017 Wei et al., 2017 Pillaiyar et al., 2017 Gaidarov et al., 2018 Puengel et al., 2020
6‐OAU	Human: 14–438 nM b 1.74–11 μM c 512 nM a	‐Recombinant system ‐Mouse primary cultured microglia ‐Bone marrow‐derived macrophages ‐Human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte ‐U937 cells differentiated into macrophage‐like cells ‐Human monocytes		Suzuki et al., 2013 Liu et al., 2016 Zhang, Yang, Li, & Xie, 2016 Wei et al., 2017 Recio et al., 2018 Lucy et al., 2019
PSB‐1584	Human: 5 nM b 3.2 nM c	‐Recombinant system	Tritium‐labelled form of this compound is available ([3H]PSB‐1584) d	Pillaiyar et al., 2018 Köse et al., 2020
2‐HTP (Compound 1 or ZQ‐16)	Human: 1–144 nM b 0.79–28.8 nM a 597 nM c Mouse: 30.2 nM a	‐Recombinant system ‐THP‐1 monocytes ‐RAW264.7 cells ‐Mouse bone marrow‐derived neutrophils ‐Human blood‐derived neutrophils ‐Human monocytes ‐Human monocyte‐derived macrophages ‐Mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages		Zhang et al., 2016 Liu et al., 2016 Al Mahmud et al., 2017 Sundqvist et al., 2018 Mancini et al., 2019 Lucy et al., 2019
DL‐175	Human: 33 nM b	‐Recombinant system ‐Mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages ‐U937 cells differentiated into macrophage‐like cells ‐Human monocytes	Displays bias agonism for Gi‐protein signalling pathway over arrestin recruitment compared with 6‐OAU	Lucy et al., 2019
Allosteric
DIM	Human: 0.25–1.25 μM b 0.5–1 μM a 5.9 mM a Mouse: 4.26 μM a	‐Recombinant system ‐RAW264.7 cells	PSB‐15160 and PSB‐16671 are DIM analogues that display bias compared with DIM towards Gi‐mediated adenylyl cyclase inhibition over arrestin recruitment e	Wang et al., 2006 Nikaido et al., 2015 Zhang et al., 2016 Al Mahmud et al., 2017 Pillaiyar et al., 2017 Mancini et al., 2019

Note: Note comments in the text about reported potency values and potential issues of receptor reserve.

^a Potency values were generated using [³⁵S]GTPγS assay.

^b Potency values were generated using cAMP assay.

^c Potency values were generated using β‐arrestin recruitment assay.

^d Köse et al. (2020).

^e Pillaiyar et al. (2017) and Mancini et al. (2019).