Table 2. Characteristics of hypertensive patients with ACEI/ARB use or nonuse before and after matching.
| Before matching | After matching* | ||||||
| Non-use
(n = 7610) |
ACEI/ARB
(n = 2920) |
Standardized
Difference |
Non-use
(n = 2881) |
ACEI/ARB
(n = 2881) |
Standardized
difference |
||
| Data are presented as percent or means ± SD. Variable with standardized difference less than 0.1 was well balanced. *Propensity score matching with a caliper of 0.2 SD of the estimated propensity score. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by CKD-EPI formula; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. | |||||||
| Age, yrs | 57.5 ± 17.9 | 64.5 ± 13.5 | 0.443 | 65.3 ± 15 | 64.4 ± 13.6 | 0.061 | |
| Male, % | 42.7 | 44.4 | 0.033 | 44.3 | 44.4 | 0.002 | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 47.6 | 54.0 | 0.128 | 55.4 | 53.8 | 0.031 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 29.4 | 25.8 | 0.080 | 25.3 | 25.9 | 0.013 | |
| Hispanic-Mexican | 18.2 | 15.4 | 0.074 | 14.8 | 15.5 | 0.021 | |
| Other Ethnicity | 4.9 | 4.8 | 0.004 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 0.010 | |
| Smoking status, % | |||||||
| Never smoking | 50.6 | 49.5 | 0.021 | 50.8 | 49.7 | 0.022 | |
| Former smoker | 28.4 | 36.7 | 0.178 | 36.5 | 36.3 | 0.002 | |
| Current smoker | 21.0 | 13.8 | 0.193 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 0.035 | |
| Alcohol intakes, g/day | 4 ± 19.7 | 2.9 ± 8.6 | 0.071 | 3.4 ± 28 | 2.9 ± 8.6 | 0.021 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.4 ± 6.6 | 30.4 ± 6.8 | 0.146 | 30.1 ± 6.9 | 30.3 ± 6.8 | 0.033 | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 138.4 ± 21.4 | 140.5 ± 22.6 | 0.096 | 141.4 ± 20.9 | 140.6 ± 22.6 | 0.040 | |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 76.4 ± 14 | 72.2 ± 17.6 | 0.269 | 73.1 ± 15 | 72.4 ± 17.4 | 0.047 | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.010 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.003 | |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.010 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.008 | |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m² | 77.3 ± 25.1 | 73.8 ± 23 | 0.148 | 72.5 ± 24 | 73.8 ± 23 | 0.056 | |
| Asthma, % | 8.9 | 11.3 | 0.082 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 0.038 | |
| Chronic bronchitis, % | 6.8 | 7.8 | 0.041 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 0.003 | |
| Diabetes, % | 15.0 | 29.9 | 0.363 | 27.8 | 29.3 | 0.033 | |
| Cardiovascular diseases, % | 12.3 | 22.1 | 0.259 | 21.1 | 21.5 | 0.011 | |
| Cancer, % | 11.1 | 14.8 | 0.111 | 15.3 | 14.6 | 0.019 | |
| Bronchodilators, % | 3.0 | 4.8 | 0.091 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 0.038 | |
| Inhaled glucocorticoids, % | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.118 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 0.049 | |
| Immunosuppressive agents, % | 2.2 | 3.2 | 0.060 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.002 | |
| Anti-hypertension, % | |||||||
| Lifestyle modified, %, | 57.6 | 62.8 | 0.108 | 64.6 | 62.7 | 0.040 | |
| Beta-blockers, % | 17.5 | 22.2 | 0.118 | 22.5 | 22.0 | 0.012 | |
| Calcium-channel blockers, % | 18.7 | 27.9 | 0.218 | 28.5 | 27.5 | 0.022 | |
| Diuretics, % | 26.0 | 44.1 | 0.388 | 43.5 | 43.6 | 0.003 | |
| Other antihypertensive drugs, % | 9.5 | 8.1 | 0.050 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 0.006 | |