Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Characteristic | Placebo (n = 21) | Dupilumab (n = 19) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 63 (55–78) | 59 (44–70) |
| Sex, male | 16 (76.2) | 7 (36.8) |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 32.3 (26–37) | 33.6 (27–42) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 3 (14.3) | 3 (15.8) |
| Race | ||
| White | 14 (66.7) | 13 (68.4) |
| Black | 6 (28.6) | 4 (21.1) |
| Asian | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) |
| Other | 1 (4.8) | 1 (5.3) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Obesity | 15 (71.4) | 14 (73.7) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (33.3) | 3 (15.8) |
| Asthma | 4 (19.1) | 4 (21.1) |
| Respiratory disease (COPD, emphysema) | 3 (14.3) | 2 (10.5) |
| Diabetes | 8 (38.1) | 7 (36.8) |
| Coronary artery disease | 6 (28.6) | 3 (15.8) |
| Cardiac valvular disease | 3 (14.3) | 2 (10.5) |
| Hypertension | 10 (47.6) | 8 (42.1) |
| Congestive heart failure | 5 (23.8) | 2 (10.5) |
| Cardiac arrythmia | 4 (19.1) | 1 (5.3) |
| Depression or psychotic disorder | 3 (14.3) | 8 (42.1) |
| Malignancy | 4 (19.1) | 3 (15.8) |
| Autoimmune disease | 2 (9.5) | 2 (10.5) |
| Organ or stem cell transplant recipient | 3 (14.3) | 1 (5.3) |
| Other immunodeficiency | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Smoking history | ||
| Never | 12 (57.1) | 15 (79.0) |
| Current | 3 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Past | 6 (28.6) | 4 (21.1) |
| Days from symptom onset to study treatment, median (IQR) | 8.0 (6.0–10) | 7.0 (6.0–11) |
| Received COVID-19 vaccine | ||
| Moderna | 4 (19.1) | 1 (5.3) |
| Pfizer | 5 (23.8) | 4 (21.1) |
| Johnson & Johnson | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) |
| None | 12 (57.1) | 12 (63.2) |
| Other COVID-19 therapeutics received | ||
| Steroids | 20 (95.2) | 19 (100) |
| Remdesivir | 18 (85.7) | 16 (84.2) |
| IL-6 inhibitor | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Janus kinase inhibitor | 4 (19.1) | 1 (5.3) |
| Monoclonal antibodies | 3 (14.3) | 2 (10.5) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IL-6, interleukin 6; IQR, interquartile range.