Table 3.

Women Primary Farmers’ Products, Value-Added, and Organic Status by Race

	White Women (n = 371,691)			Black Women (n = 5,403)			Indigenous Women (n = 16,762)			Pacific Islander/Asian Women (n = 4,015)
	Freq	Percent		Freq	Percent		Freq	Percent		Freq	Percent
Products
Field	36,873	10.66		365	6.76***		1,429	8.53***		137	3.41***
Veg	15,337	4.94		639	11.83***		938	5.60***		722	17.98***
Sheep	60,168	19.31		644	11.92***		8,229	49.10***		564	14.05***
Bees	15,728	5.11		164	3.04***		416	2.48***		174	4.33
Hay	119,544	34.29		1,178	21.8***		2,575	15.36***		456	11.36***
Wood	4,589	1.50		32	0.59***		52	0.31***		41	1.02
Aquaculture	720	0.25		15	0.28		15	0.09**		21	0.52***
Cattle	130,978	35.24		2,438	45.12***		6,799	40.56***		747	18.61***
Pigs	16,965	5.49		229	4.24		619	3.690***		171	4.26
Poultry	76,886	24.77		702	12.99***		3,342	19.94*		875	21.79
Equines	132,400	40.93		1,291	23.89***		8,263	49.3***		600	14.94***
Other Livestock	13,142	4.75		61	1.13***		599	3.57		102	2.54*
Nursery	12,782	4.10		179	3.31		232	1.38***		516	12.85***
Fruit	26,681	8.59		350	6.48*		700	4.18***		1,352	33.67***
Direct-To-Consumer	32,873	8.84		532	9.85*		725	4.33***		805	20.05***
Value Added	142,973	41.51		132	2.89*		278	1.81***		207	5.99***
Any Organic	6,707	1.98		125	2.58**		178	1.20***		202	5.49***
Certified Organic	2,792	41.63		21	16.80***		42	23.60***		78	38.61
Exempt Organic	1,249	18.62		37	29.60**		35	19.66		21	10.40**
Transitioning Organic	709	10.57		12	9.60		36	20.22***		28	13.86
Other Organic	2,353	35.08		59	47.20**		87	48.88***		93	46.04**

(NOTE: All p-values use white women as reference group)

***p < 0.000, **p < 0.010, *p < 0.050