Table 3.

Dissemination process constructs, suggested definition, frequency of construct across frameworks, and other names in the literature

Dissemination process	Suggested definition	Frequency of constructs	Other names in the literature
Knowledge inquiry	Inquiry about the knowledge gap: examine what is known, who to approach, how to approach, why to approach stakeholders to achieve the change in the context.	6	Knowledge inquiry
Knowledge synthesis	Synthesizing the information to help make sense of the relevant knowledge.	5	Knowledge synthesis
Communication	The process of creating and sharing information with others. To distinguish communication from interaction, we conceptualize communication as a one-way communication from researchers to the audience.	3	Communication
Interaction	The process where there is an interaction and exchange of information between researchers and the audience.	7	Interaction
Persuading	The process of proactively communicating the information, including adding components such as quality gap and value added to the information.	2	Persuading
Activation	When the audience starts to act based on the information received.	2	Activation
Research transfer	When the information received becomes independent of the agent and is transferred to the audience; that is, the receiver interprets the message, draws a connection between the message and previous knowledge, and attaches meaning to the message to adopt it or reject it.	5	Research transfer, the innovation-decision process, diffusion