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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Head Neck. 2021 May 1;43(9):2644–2654. doi: 10.1002/hed.26730

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Classification of parapharyngeal extension (PPE). Red line denotes the entrance point to the parapharyngeal space during surgery. It passes from the styloid process to the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible. We term this the stylomandibular plane. Minor PPE is defined as 50% or less of the tumor extending medial to the stylomandibular plane, major PPE is defined as greater than 50% of the tumor extending medial to the stylomandibular plane, both assessed on the axial images of either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging