Summary of findings 1. Intervention ‐ outcome*.

	Clinical					Safety			Immunogenicity
Intervention	SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, any	SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, asymptomatic	SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, symptomatic	SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalisation	SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, mortality	Adverse events (any)	Serious adverse events	Specific adverse events	Seroconversion (binding Ab)	Seroconversion (neutralising Ab)	IgG titre	IgM titre	IgA titre	Neutralising Ab titre	B‐cell response, other	T‐cell response
BNT162b2	72	17	17	40	34	102	43	41	162	38	157	7	7	53	4	33
mRNA‐1273	37	11	12	23	16	49	13	22	79	17	79	6	3	24	1	18
AZD1222	11	3	3	8	6	25	10	14	29	9	27	1	2	11	0	11
Ad26.COV2.S	10	4	6	7	5	12	5	8	19	1	20	2	1	4	0	1
Sputnik V	3	1	1	2	1	4	1	2	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Sputnik L	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
BBIBPCorV	2	0	0	1	1	13	5	8	4	4	3	0	0	3	0	0
CoronaVac	2	0	1	3	0	13	3	8	5	5	5	0	0	5	0	0
BNT162b2/AZD1222	1	0	0	1	1	2	0	0	2	2	4	0	1	1	0	2
BNT162b2/mRNA‐1273	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1
Other heterologous schemes	3	1	1	3	1	6	1	4	4	1	4	0	0	1	0	3
Abbreviations: Ab: antibody, Ig: immunoglobulin, SARS‐CoV‐2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
An interactive evidence gap map is available at egmopenaccess.3ieimpact.org/evidence-maps/scoping-review-covid-19-vaccines (for filtering according to subgroups, please see Table 2; multicountry studies cannot be filtered).

*The overall number of studies was 286, excluding studies on pregnant and lactating women due to a different outcome set.