Table 5.

Logistic regression model of variables associated with intra-pedicular and proximal facet joint accuracy, respectively

Variables group	Raw OR (95% Cl)	Adjusted OR (95% Cl)	p
Pedicle cortex penetration
Sex of male	0.494 (0.263–0.925)	0.320 (0.140–0.732)	0.007
Facet angle ≥ 45°	0.241 (0.091–0.642)	0.266 (0.090–0.786)	0.017
Depth of surgical field ≥ 4.5 cm	0.173 (0.088–0.340)	0.342 (0.134–0.868)	0.024
Lumbosacral instrumentation	0.199 (0.095–0.417)	0.227 (0.091–0.566)	0.001
Facet joint violation
L5 insertion	3.153 (1.785–5.572)	2.020 (1.084–3.766)	0.027
Facet angle ≥ 45°	2.197 (1.268–3.807)	1.839 (1.026–3.298)	0.041