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. 2022 Aug 9;21:56. doi: 10.1186/s12938-022-01021-7

Table 5.

One-way analysis of variance of 3D foot measurements results for the CSI

CSI Number of participants NH IH
Male Female Male p value Female p value Male p value
 > 62.7 Flat feet 7 17 14.5 (1.6)  < 0.001 14.9 (2.7) 0.01 25.5 (2.2)  < 0.001
 > 25 Normal 132 225 19.5 (2.7) 0.003 17.8 (2.8) 0.02 28.4 (2.0)  < 0.001
 ≤ 25 Higher arch 12 10 22.2 (1.9)  < 0.001 20.1 (2.4)  < 0.001 30.7 (2.5)  < 0.001
CSI IH ABD
Female p value Male p value Female p value
 > 62.7 Flat feet 25.9 (2.0)  < 0.001 5.3 (4.3) 0.05 4.9 (3.1) 0.10
 > 25 Normal 27.3 (2.0)  < 0.03 3.2 (2.3) 0.34 3.6 (2.3) 0.78
 ≤ 25 Higher arch 29.1 (1.5)  < 0.001 2.2 (1.2) 0.01 3.1 (2.0) 0.15

p value: upper: between normal and flat feet, middle: between normal and higher arches, lower: between flat feet and higher arches. Results are given as mean (SD)