. 2022 Aug 9;23:100468. doi: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100468

Table 2.

Incidence rate per 1000 person-time, hazard ratio, and respective 95% confidence interval of depression in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Brazil. N = 441.

	Incidence rate (95%CI)	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Incidence rate (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)	P-value	HR (95%CI)	P-value	HR (95%CI)	P-value
Physical activity
Categories
Before			0.038^a		0.045^a		0.058^a
None	98.8 (70.2, 136.2)	Ref		Ref		Ref
Insufficiently active	85.0 (55.4, 130.4)	0.87 (0.51, 1.49)		0.88 (0.51, 1.51)		0.90 (0.52, 1.55)
Active	60.7 (43.8, 84.2)	0.61 (0.39, 0.98)		0.62 (0.38, 0.99)		0.64 (0.39, 1.02)
During			0.008^a		0.010^a		0.012^a
None	99.8 (77.2, 129.1)	Ref		Ref		Ref
Insufficiently active	59.2 (37.3, 94.0)†	0.59 (0.35, 1.00)		0.57 (0.34, 0.97)		0.58 (0.34, 0,98)
Active	51.1 (31.3, 83.4)†	0.51 (0.29, 0.88)		0.53 (0.30, 0.92)		0.53 (0.31, 0.93)
Setting			0.138^b		0.159^b		0.242^b
None	99.1 (76.5, 128.5)	Ref		Ref		Ref
At home	73.2 (46.1, 116.1)	0.88 (0.49, 1.61)		0.85 (0.46, 1.55)		0.66 (0.34, 1.28)
Out of home	62.5 (20.2, 193.8)	0.87 (0.27, 2.83)		0.86 (0.27, 2.87)		0.66 (0.16, 2.79)
Both	45.3 (27.3, 75.2)†	0.47 (0.24, 0.93)		0.45 (0.23, 0.90)		0.49 (0.25, 0.98)
Type			0.363^b		0.362^b		0.438^b
None	99.1 (76.5, 128.5)	Ref		Ref		Ref
Endurance	50.7 (30.5, 84.1)†	0.52 (0.28, 0.96)		0.52 (0.28, 0.97)		0.52 (0.28, 0.97)
Strength	80.8 (40.4, 161.1)	0.85 (0.38, 1.87)		0.78 (0.35, 1.74)		0.78 (0.35, 1.74)
Endurance + strength	52.9 (27.5, 101.7)†	0.43 (0.19, 1.01)		0.40 (0.17, 0.95)		0.40 (0.17, 0.95)
Mind/body	66.7 (25.0, 177.6)	0.61 (0.19, 1.96)		0.59 (0.18, 1.90)		0.59 (0.18, 1.90)
Change in physical activity			0.079^b		0.100^b		0.113^b
Remained inactive	104.8 (79.5, 138.3)	Ref		Ref		Ref
Became inactive	66.1 (44.3, 98.6)	0.68 (0.40, 1.13)		0.63 (0.37, 1.07)		0.67 (0.39, 1.13)
Became active	48.2 (18.1, 128.4)†	0.53 (0.19, 1.48)		0.49 (0.17, 1.38)		0.49 (0.17, 1.37)
Remained active	52.2 (29.6, 91.9)†	0.45 (0.22, 0.92)		0.47 (0.23, 0.98)		0.48 (0.23, 0.99)

Model 1: Crude analysis

Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, educational achievement, and conjugal status.

Model 3: Model 2 plus change in monthly income, daily routine during the COVID-19 pandemic, body mass index, and diagnosed chronic diseases

Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0

†p < 0.05 compared to none or inactive group.

p for linear trend.

p for heterogeneity.