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. 2022 Aug 9;10:123. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01313-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Comparison of DNA extraction kits and their extraction biases evaluated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Sequencing data were analysed with Deblur through QIIME2. Samples analysed are the actual (ground truth) with and without adjustment for 16S rRNA copy number, the NIBSC DNA-Gut-Mix RR, and DNA extracted from the WC-Gut RR using Kit1, Kit2, Kit3, Kit4, Kit5, Kit6, Kit7, and Kit8, based on the average of five replicates. A Values of each sample using the four-measure reporting system consisting of Sensitivity, False-Positive Relative Abundance (FPRA), Diversity, Similarity to Actual composition, and Similarity to the NIBSC DNA-Gut-Mix RR. B Relative abundance of (%) each genera in each sample. C β-diversity analysis using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity measure visualised by a principal coordinate analysis. D Relative abundance (%) of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria recovered using each kit