Table 1.
Comparison of population characteristics of steelworkers
| Variable | Control group | Case group | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital status, n (%) | 1.395 | 0.498 | ||
| Unmarried | 19(3.0) | 13(2.0) | ||
| Married | 594(92.7) | 596(93.0) | ||
| Other | 28(4.3) | 32(5.0) | ||
| Education level, n (%) | 9.240 | 0.010* | ||
| Primary and below | 8(1.3) | 7(1.1) | ||
| Junior, Senior and Secondary | 456(71.1) | 503(78.5) | ||
| Junior college or above | 177(27.6) | 131(20.4) | ||
| Monthly per capita household income (RMB), n (%) | 27.294 | < 0.001* | ||
| < 1,500 | 214(33.4) | 132(20.6) | ||
| 1,500–2,500 | 263(41.0) | 300(46.8) | ||
| ≥ 2,500 | 164(25.6) | 209(32.6) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 61.599 | < 0.001* | ||
| < 24 | 340(53.1) | 206(32.1) | ||
| 24–27 | 220(34.3) | 286(44.6) | ||
| ≥ 28 | 81(12.6) | 149(23.3) | ||
| High blood pressure, n (%) | 23.505 | < 0.001* | ||
| No | 579(90.3) | 518(80.8) | ||
| Yes | 62(9.7) | 123(19.2) | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 20.182 | < 0.001* | ||
| No | 591(92.2) | 539(84.1) | ||
| Yes | 50(7.8) | 102(15.9) | ||
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 29.845 | < 0.001* | ||
| No | 279(43.5) | 185(28.9) | ||
| Yes | 362(56.5) | 456(71.1) | ||
| Abnormal kidney function, n (%) | 18.293 | < 0.001* | ||
| No | 563(87.8) | 506(78.9) | ||
| Yes | 78(12.2) | 135(21.1) | ||
| Abnormal liver function, n (%) | 6.086 | 0.014* | ||
| No | 550(85.8) | 517(80.7) | ||
| Yes | 91(14.2) | 124(19.3) | ||
| Frequency of vegetable consumption, n (%) | 5.255 | 0.072 | ||
| Occasionally | 46(7.2) | 46(7.2) | ||
| Frequently | 229(35.7) | 268(41.8) | ||
| Daily | 366(57.1) | 327(51.0) | ||
| Frequency of fruit consumption, n (%) | 9.152 | 0.010* | ||
| Occasionally | 49(7.6) | 46(7.2) | ||
| Frequently | 212(33.1) | 264(41.2) | ||
| Daily | 380(59.3) | 331(51.6) | ||
| Frequency of meat consumption, n (%) | 18.146 | < 0.001* | ||
| Never | 11(1.7) | 16(2.5) | ||
| Occasionally | 235(36.7) | 228(35.6) | ||
| Frequently | 240(37.4) | 183(28.5) | ||
| Daily | 155(24.2) | 214(33.4) | ||
| Frequency of egg consumption, n (%) | 7.513 | 0.057 | ||
| Never | 76(11.9) | 99(15.5) | ||
| Occasionally | 432(67.4) | 441(68.8) | ||
| Frequently | 115(17.9) | 88(13.7) | ||
| Daily | 18(2.8) | 13(2.0) | ||
| Frequency of dairy product consumption, n (%) | 11.601 | 0.009* | ||
| Never | 12(1.8) | 19(3.0) | ||
| Occasionally | 192(30.0) | 217(33.9) | ||
| Frequently | 341(53.2) | 283(44.1) | ||
| Daily | 96(15.0) | 122(19.0) | ||
| Frequency of soy product consumption, n (%) | 3.329 | 0.344 | ||
| Never | 28(4.3) | 29(4.5) | ||
| Occasionally | 403(62.9) | 423(66.0) | ||
| Frequently | 189(29.5) | 162(25.3) | ||
| Daily | 21(3.3) | 27(4.2) | ||
| Frequency of seafood consumption, n (%) | 17.202 | 0.001* | ||
| Never | 106(16.5) | 75 (11.7) | ||
| Occasionally | 340(53.1) | 314(49.0) | ||
| Frequently | 154(24.0) | 179(27.9) | ||
| Daily | 41(6.4) | 73(11.4) | ||
| Physical activity level, n (%) | 20.026 | < 0.001* | ||
| Light physical activity | 54(8.4) | 107(16.7) | ||
| Moderate physical activity | 60(9.4) | 52(8.1) | ||
| Heavy physical activity | 527(82.2) | 482(75.2) | ||
| Physical exercise, n (%) | 20.870 | < 0.001* | ||
| Never exercise | 132(20.6) | 187(29.2) | ||
| 1 to 2 times a week | 299(46.7) | 301(47.0) | ||
| 3 to 4 times a week | 63(9.8) | 58(9.0) | ||
| 5 to 7 times a week | 147(22.9) | 95(14.8) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 1.394 | 0.498 | ||
| Never smoked | 274(42.8) | 256(39.9) | ||
| Former smoker | 33(5.1) | 30(4.7) | ||
| Now smoking | 334(52.1) | 355(55.4) | ||
| Drinking, n (%) | 24.252 | < 0.001* | ||
| No | 384(59.9) | 296(46.2) | ||
| Yes | 257(40.1) | 345(53.8) | ||
| Tea drinking, n (%) | 2.195 | 0.138 | ||
| No | 270(42.1) | 244(38.1) | ||
| Yes | 371(57.9) | 397(61.9) |
*indicates statistical significance