Table 1.
Characteristics of patients participating in semistructured interviews
| Prior video Visit N=14 |
No prior video Visit N=12 |
|
| Age, mean (SD) | 64.50 (SD 9.00) | 69.08 (8.69) |
| Gender* | ||
| Male | 11 | 12 |
| Female | 3 | – |
| Tech self-efficacy† | Mean=4 | Mean=4.29 |
| <3 | 2 | 2 |
| 3–5 | 12 | 9 |
| VA primary healthcare source | ||
| Yes | 11 | 11 |
| No | – | 1 |
| Not sure | 3 | 1 |
| Distance to closest VA | ||
| 0–20 miles | 4 | 5 |
| 21–80 miles | 9 | 6 |
| missing | 1 | 1 |
| No. prior video visits | ||
| 0 visits | – | 12 |
| one visit | 2 | – |
| 2–10 visits | 7 | – |
| >10 visits | 5 | – |
| No of prior telephone visits | ||
| 0 visits | 2 | 2 |
| 1 visit | – | – |
| 2–10 visits | 7 | 10 |
| >10 visits | 5 | – |
| Received help for video visit | ||
| Yes | 11 | 1 |
| No | 2 | 10 |
| Not sure | 1 | 1 |
| Device used for video visit | ||
| iPhone | 5 | – |
| Android phone | 5 | – |
| Tablet | 2 | – |
| Laptop or computer | 2 | – |
| Don’t have any devices to use | 0 | – |
| Reliable broadband | ||
| Yes | 11 | 6 |
| No | 1 | 5 |
| Not sure | 2 | 1 |
| Reliable device | ||
| Yes | 12 | 9 |
| No | 2 | 2 |
| Not sure | 0 | 1 |
| Racism in healthcare (M across items, SD, # of respondents)‡ | 2.80 (1.17) for n=11 | 3.02 (0.72) for n=10 |
| Endorsed Agreement with: | ||
| RHC 1: Doctors treat African American and White people the same. (N, %, # respondents) | 2 (18.2%) of 11 | 7 (58.3%) of 12 |
| RHC 2: Racial discrimination in telehealth is common. (N, %, # respondents) | 6 (50.0%) of 12 | 5 (50.0%) of 10 |
| RHC 3: In most hospitals, African American and Whites receive the same kind of telehealth care. (N, %, # respondents) | 5 (41.6%) of 12 | 4 (36.4%) of 11 |
| RHC 4: African Americans can receive the telehealth care they want as equally as White people can. (N, %, # respondents) | 5 (38.5%) of 13 | 4 (36.4%) of 11 |
| Personal discrimination scale (M across items, SD)§ | 2.01 (0.75) | 1.98 (0.77) |
| Endorsed Experiencing: | ||
| PDS 1: Treated with less courtesy than other people? (N, %, # respondents) | 10 (71.4%) of 14 | 6 (60.0%) of 10 |
| PDS 2: Treated with less respect than other people? (N, %, # respondents) | 11 (78.6%) of 14 | 7 (70.0%) of 10 |
| PDS 3: Received poorer services than other people? (N, %, # respondents) | 9 (69.2%) of 13 | 7 (70.0%) of 10 |
| PDS 4: Had a doctor or nurse act as if he or she thinks you were not smart? (N, %, # respondents) | 6 (42.9%) of 14 | 3 (30.0%) of 10 |
| PDS 5: Had a doctor or nurse act as if he or she was afraid of you? (N, %, # respondents) | 4 (28.6%) of 14 | 5 (50.0%) of 10 |
| PDS 6: Had a doctor or nurse act as if he or she was better than you? (N, %, # respondents) | 9 (64.3%) of 14 | 5 (55.6%) of 9 |
| PDS 7: Felt like a doctor or nurse was not listening to what you were saying? (N, %, # respondents) | 11 (78.6%) of 14 | 7 (70.0%) of 10 |
| Telehealth satisfaction scale ¶ (M across items, SD, # of respondents) | 1.83 (0.49) for n=13 | 2.02 (0.19) for n=9 |
Scale scores for RHC, PDS, and TeSS only computed when all items were answered.
*As identified in chart.
†Measure by response to the following question: How confident are you that you can complete the steps necessary that you identified above to attend a video visit with your provider on a scale of 1–5? One participant in the no prior video visit group did not provide an answer for this question.
‡RHC measure (Hausmann et al38) agreement defined as marking ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’. Average score computed with item two reverse coded; range of possible score by question 1–5 with 1=strongly disagree and 5=strongly agree.
§PDS adapted from everyday discrimination scale39; endorsement marked by any response other than ‘never’ for all questions; range of possible score by question 1–5 with 1=never and 5=always.
¶TeSS17 40 is a 10-item measure with with range of possible score by question from 1 to 3 with 1=‘excellent’ and 3=‘poor/fair’.
PDS, Personal Discrimination Scale; RHC, Racism in Healthcare; TeSS, Telehealth Satisfaction Scale; VA, Veterans Affair.