Table 5.

Effect of C. citrinus over the biomarkers of oxidative stress in liver, heart, stomach, and kidney in rats fed with high fat-fructose diet (HFFD).

Biomarkers oxidative stress in treatments
Group	Organ	GSH (mM GSH/g tissue)	MDA (nmol/mg protein)	HNE (nmol/mg protein)	PCO (µM PCO/mg protein)
Control	Liver	2.90 ± 0.08	0.23 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.04	56.44 ± 3.61
	Heart	2.33 ± 0.05	0.12 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	9.44 ± 2.67
	Kidney	48.32 ± 0.09	0.21 ± 0.00	0.09 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.01
	Stomach	26.55 ± 1.74	0.24 ± 0.09	0.15 ± 0.05	0.49 ± 0.04
HFFD	Liver	1.90 ± 0.09*	0.36 ± 0.03*	0.48 ± 0.04*	103.52 ± 4.17*
	Heart	1.03 ± 0.04*	0.15 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01*	22.79 ± 2.67*
	Kidney	54.00 ± 1.10*	0.26 ± 0.01*	0.22 ± 0.01*	1.32 ± 0.21*
	Stomach	19.69 ± 1.29*	0.27 ± 0.08	0.34 ± 0.80*	0.98 ± 0.05*
HFFD + SIMV	Liver	2.70 ± 0.08	0.31 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.04	55.88 ± 3.61
	Heart	2.25 ± 0.04	0.11 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01	9.42 ± 2.31
	Kidney	50.83 ± 0.24	0.24 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01
	Stomach	23.81 ± 1.87	0.25 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.09	0.59 ± 0.03
HFFD + C. citrinus	Liver	3.00 ± 0.09	0.30 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.04	49.50 ± 4.17
	Heart	2.27 ± 0.04	0.12 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01	9.66 ± 2.67
	Kidney	47.94 ± 1.37	0.22 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.00	0.39 ± 0.01
	Stomach	23.29 ± 2.60	0.23 ± 0.07	0.17 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.05

Values expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6; Dunnett’s post hoc test, value of *p ≤ 0.05 vs. the control group is significant).