TABLE 1. HIV prevalence among persons who inject drugs, by selected characteristics — National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 Metropolitan Statistical Areas, United States, 2018.
| Characteristic | Total* |
HIV-infected* |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No.† | Column % (95% CI) | No.† | Row % (95% CI) | |
|
Total
|
11,348
|
100
|
731
|
7 (6–9)
|
|
Gender
| ||||
| Male |
7,826 |
67 (65–69) |
500 |
7 (6–8) |
| Female |
3,425 |
32 (30–34) |
204 |
8 (5–11) |
| Transgender |
97 |
1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
27 |
—§ |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||
| Black, non-Hispanic |
3,745 |
32 (30–34) |
335 |
12 (9–14) |
| Hispanic¶ |
2,358 |
24 (22–26) |
188 |
7 (5–8) |
| White, non-Hispanic |
4,458 |
42 (40–43) |
171 |
5 (4–6) |
| Other** |
189 |
2 (1–2) |
12 |
— |
|
Age group, yrs
| ||||
| 18–29 |
1,618 |
15 (14–17) |
63 |
4 (3–6) |
| 30–39 |
2,999 |
23 (21–25) |
138 |
5 (4–6) |
| 40–49 |
2,631 |
24 (22–25) |
201 |
12 (8–15) |
| ≥50 |
4,100 |
38 (36–40) |
329 |
8 (6–10) |
|
Injection duration
| ||||
| ≤5 years |
2,073 |
20 (18–21) |
77 |
5 (3–7) |
| >5 years |
9,207 |
80 (79–82) |
647 |
8 (7–10) |
|
Education
| ||||
| Less than high school diploma |
3,240 |
29 (27–30) |
240 |
8 (6–10) |
| High school diploma |
4,689 |
42 (40–44) |
310 |
9 (6–11) |
| More than high school diploma |
3,416 |
30 (28–31) |
181 |
6 (5–8) |
|
Currently insured
| ||||
| No |
2,940 |
18 (16–19) |
151 |
5 (4–7) |
| Yes |
8,362 |
82 (81–84) |
580 |
8 (6–10) |
|
Federal poverty level††
| ||||
| Above federal poverty level |
2,771 |
25 (23–27) |
134 |
7 (5–9) |
| At or below federal poverty level |
8,505 |
75 (73–77) |
596 |
8 (6–9) |
|
Drug injected most frequently
| ||||
| Heroin only |
6,031 |
55 (53–56) |
282 |
6 (4–7) |
| Other/Multiple§§ |
5,273 |
45 (44–47) |
444 |
10 (8–12) |
|
Male-to-male sex, last 12 months (among males only)¶¶
| ||||
| Yes |
753 |
10 (8–12) |
151 |
25 (19–30) |
| No |
7,067 |
90 (88–92) |
349 |
5 (4–6) |
|
U.S. Census region***
| ||||
| Northeast |
2,257 |
36 (22–49) |
180 |
10 (7–14) |
| South |
4,650 |
29 (16–42) |
365 |
9 (7–11) |
| Midwest |
1,062 |
8 (0–21) |
17 |
1 (0–2) |
| West | 2,888 | 26 (12–39) | 112 | 4 (3–5) |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MSA = metropolitan statistical area.
* Aggregate estimates are weighted averages of MSA-level percentages. MSA-level percentages were adjusted for differences in recruitment and the size of participant peer networks of persons who inject drugs, then proportionally weighted by the size of the population of persons who inject drugs in each MSA. MSA-level estimates with insufficient data for analysis were excluded from the aggregated estimates. Aggregated estimates are included in the tables only if at least 15 out of 23 MSA-level estimates were included in the analysis. The average number of MSA-level estimates included in the aggregated estimates for each variable is 21.3.
† Unweighted numbers. Not all categories sum to 11,348 because of missing data.
§ Insufficient data to calculate estimates.
¶ Hispanic persons might be of any race or combination of races.
** Includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and persons of multiple races.
†† Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
§§ Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
¶¶ Ascertainment of male-to-male anal sexual contact was restricted to males and includes both insertive and receptive anal sexual contact.
*** Northeast: Boston, Massachusetts; Nassau-Suffolk, New York; New York City, New York; Newark, New Jersey; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. South: Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Dallas, Texas; Houston, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; Virginia Beach, Virginia; and Washington, District of Columbia. Midwest: Chicago, Illinois and Detroit, Michigan. West: Denver, Colorado; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; and Seattle, Washington. San Juan, Puerto Rico was not included in any of the Census regions.