Table 1.
Detailed description of the clinical measures involved in the systematic review and meta-analysis of disordered eating among university students, psychometric properties, cut-off points and full citation
| Measure/Scale | Cut-off point | Psychometric properties |
|---|---|---|
| ANIS | ≥ 65 | Cronbach's α ranged from 0.80 to 0.90. In the three samples the ANIS total score correlated 0.41 to 0.51 with the 28- item General Health Questionnaire, and 0.15 to 0.26 with the percentage of ideal body weight [184] |
| BEDS-7 | – | Cohen’s Kappa = 0.827 [185]. Sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 38.7% [186] |
| DEBQ | – | Cronbach's α ranged from 0.80 to 0.95. All Pearson’s correlation coefficients assessing interrelationships between scales (for restrained, emotional, and external eating) were significant, indicating that the measures have a high internal consistency and factorial validity [187] |
| EAT-26 | ≥ 20 | Cronbach's α = 0.90. EAT-26 correlates highly with the original EAT-40 scale (r = 0.98) |
| EAT-40 | 30 | Cronbach's α = 0.94. Sensitivity = 35.3%, specificity = 88.8%, positive predictive value = 24.0%, and negative predictive value = 93.2% [182] |
| EDDS | 16.5 |
Cronbach's α = 0.89. Anorexia nervosa: Sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 100%, positive predictive value = 93%, negative predictive value = 100% Bulimia nervosa: Sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 98%, positive predictive value = 97%, negative predictive value = 96% Binge-eating disorder: Sensitivity = 77%, specificity = 96%, positive predictive value = 95%, negative predictive value = 93% |
| EDE-Q | ≥ 4 |
Cronbach's α for the global score = 0.90 Women diagnosed with eating disorders scored significantly higher on the EDE-Q than the control women (sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.96, positive predictive value = 0.56) [188, 189] |
| EDI | ≥ 50 | Cronbach's α ranged from 0.82 to 0.90. Sensitivity = 52.9%, specificity = 85.2%, positive predictive value = 26.4% |
| EDS-5 | – | Cronbach's α ranged from 0.83 to 0.86. Sensitivity = 0.90 and specificity = 0.88 |
| ORTO-11 | < 25 | Cronbach's α ranged between 0.74 and 0.83. Sensitivity = 75% and specificity = 84% [190] |
| ORTO-15 | < 40 | Cronbach's α = 0.83. The ORTO-15 showed significant associations with eating psychopathology (EAT-26 and SR-YBC-EDS; range r = 0.64 – 0.29; p < 0.05) [191] |
| Q-EDD | - | Cohen’s Kappa = 0.94. Sensitivity = 0.97, specificity = 0.98, positive predictive power = 0.94, and negative predictive power = 0.99 |
| SCOFF | ≥ 2 | kappa statistic = 0.82. Sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 87.5%; and positive predictive value = 90.6% |
| WCS | ≥ 52 | Cronbach's α = 0.65, 0.61, and 0.63 at ages 5, 7, and 9 years [192]. Skewness values for all items ranged from 0.02 to 0.95; and Kurtosis values ranged between -0.83 and -0.53 [193] |
ANIS Anorexia Nervosa Inventory for Self-Rating [184, 194]. BEDS-7 the 7-Item Binge-Eating Disorder Screener [186]. DEBQ The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire [187]. EAT-26 Eating Attitude Test-26 [195]. EAT-40 Eating Attitude Test-40. EAT-40 Eating Attitude Test-40 [195]. EDDS Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale [196]. EDE-Q Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire [197]. EDI Eating Disorder Inventory [195, 198, 199]. EDS-5 Eating Disorder Scale [200]. ORTO-11 ORTO-11 [190]. ORTO-15 ORTO-15 [201]. Q-EDD The Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses [202]. SCOFF Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food [203]. WCS the Weight Concerns scale [204]