Table 3.
A meta-analysis of disordered eating among university students
| Analysis | K | N | Random effects model | Heterogeneity | Confounders | Publication bias | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pooled results [95% CI or CrI] | Figure | I2a | τ | τ2b | Hc | Q | Cochran's Q P valued | Age | Sex | BMI | Egger's teste | Peter's test | |||
|
Prevalence of studies Bayesian analysis |
105 105 |
145,629 145,629 |
19.7% [17.9%; 21.6%] Odds 0.24 [0.20; 30] |
Figure 4 Figure 5 |
98.2 98% |
0.6 0.9 |
0.34 – |
7.39 – |
5696.85 – |
0.001 – |
0.49 – |
0.04 – |
0.001 – |
0.90 – |
0.06 |
| Prevalence by country | |||||||||||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 8 | 4736 | 21.2% [14.1%; 30.5%] | Figure 12 | 97.7% | 0.70 | 0.48 | – | 307.42 | 0.001 | – | – | – | NS | NS |
| India | 7 | 1534 | 18.1% [14.7%; 22.0%] | 70.1% | 0.27 | 0.076 | – | 20.05 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| United states of America | 6 | 1988 | 37.1% [26.3%; 49.5%] | 95.8% | 0.61 | 0.37 | – | 117.83 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| Spain | 6 | 5235 | 31.7% [20.4%; 45.6%] | 98.8% | 0.73 | 0.53 | – | 404.30 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| Palestine | 5 | 6250 | 32.8% [26.2%; 40.2%] | 96.8% | 0.35 | 0.13 | – | 124.57 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| Lebanon | 5 | 1966 | 33.2% [15.9%; 56.7%] | 98.8% | 1.09 | 1.19 | – | 338.83 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| France | 5 | 9982 | 21.0% [18.7%; 23.6%] | 88.4% | 0.16 | 0.025 | – | 34.52 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| Prevalence by culture (Western) | |||||||||||||||
| No | 55 | 29,363 | 20.9% [17.8%; 24.4%] | Figure 13 | 97.9% | 0.74 | 0.55 | – | 2711.00 | 0.001 | – | – | – | NS | NS |
| Yes | 50 | 115,966 | 18.4% [16.4%; 20.6%] | 97.8% | 0.51 | 0.26 | – | 2264.44 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| Prevalence by measure | |||||||||||||||
| EAT-26 | 45 | 23,821 | 17.0% [13.9%; 20.3%] | Figure 14 | 97.6% | 0.75 | 0.56 | – | 1905.43 | 0.001 | – | – | – | NS | NS |
| SCOFF | 22 | 100,638 | 27.6% [24.1%; 31.5%] | 98.4% | 0.44 | 0.19 | – | 1413.76 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| EDI | 10 | 6394 | 16.9% [9.6%; 28.2%] | 98.8% | 1.04 | 1.08 | – | 729.14 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| EAT-40 | 6 | 4355 | 10.6% [7.4%; 14.9%] | 93.3% | 0.45 | 0.21 | – | 75.17 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| EDE-Q | 6 | 2255 | 18.1% [8.3%; 35.0%] | 97.8% | 1.09 | 1.20 | – | 223.88 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| Prevalence by Timeframe/Year | |||||||||||||||
| 2020 Onwards | 31 | 97,625 | 20.8% [17.6%; 24.5%] | Figure 15 | 98. 4% | 0.58 | 0.34 | – | 1869.51 | 0.001 | – | – | – | NS | NS |
| 2015–2019 | 50 | 35,006 | 23.8% [20.7%; 27.2%] | 97.9% | 0.63 | 0.39 | – | 2376.86 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| 2010–2014 | 11 | 3256 | 13.0% [8.4%; 19.7%] | 94.6% | 0.77 | 0.60 | – | 222.67 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
| 2005–2009 | 8 | 6167 | 10.6% [7.3%; 15.1%] | 95.7% | 0.56 | 0.31 | – | 164.13 | – | – | – | NS | NS | ||
K Represents the number of included studies, N Represents the number of included samples
aI2 statistic referred to the percentage of variation across samples due to heterogeneity rather than chance
bτ2 Describe the extent of variation among the effects observed in different samples (between-sample variance)
cH Describes confidence intervals of heterogeneity
dSignificant differences between samples in meta-analysis
eDetects publication bias in meta-analyses
fRepresents the correlation between effect sizes and sample variation