. 2022 Jul 30;204(8):535. doi: 10.1007/s00203-022-03122-2

Table 7.

Main findings pertinent to the antiparasitic activity studies of nitroxoline

Antiparasitic nitroxoline
Laurie et al. (2018)	Balamuthia mandrillaris	a) Clinically approved compounds (a total of 2,177, among them nitroxoline) were scanned against B. mandrillaris trophozoites b) The percentage inhibition of such compounds against B. mandrillaris was calculated by CellTilter-Glo R luminescence assay c) A secondary scan was performed to find hit compounds whose dose–response was determined against B. mandrillaris trophozoites, human fibroblast HFF-1, and human neuroglioma H4 cells, also by CellTilter-Glo R luminescence d) A dose–response assay was performed, with 90 compounds (including nitroxoline) against suspensions of B. mandrillaris trophozoites and human cells of HFF-1 (fibroblast), H4 (glial), U87 (glial), HEK-293 T (kidney), and Hep-G2 (liver) lineages, in 96-well plates e) Recrudescence assays of B. mandrillaris were carried out using the minimum amoebicidal concentration of trophozoites method, specially adapted for this study f) Brain tissue was infected with B. mandrillaris to investigate the efficacy of nitroxoline in an infection model	a) Nitroxoline showed inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ = 4.77 µM against suspensions of B. mandrillaris trophozoites, thus having good anti-amebic activity b) In the ex vivo model, nitroxoline prevented destruction of the brain tissue caused by B. mandrillaris

Antiparasitic nitroxoline

References

Species

Methodology

Findings

Laurie et al. (2018)

Balamuthia mandrillaris

a) Clinically approved compounds (a total of 2,177, among them nitroxoline) were scanned against B. mandrillaris trophozoites

b) The percentage inhibition of such compounds against B. mandrillaris was calculated by CellTilter-Glo R luminescence assay

c) A secondary scan was performed to find hit compounds whose dose–response was determined against B. mandrillaris trophozoites, human fibroblast HFF-1, and human neuroglioma H4 cells, also by CellTilter-Glo R luminescence

d) A dose–response assay was performed, with 90 compounds (including nitroxoline) against suspensions of B. mandrillaris trophozoites and human cells of HFF-1 (fibroblast), H4 (glial), U87 (glial), HEK-293 T (kidney), and Hep-G2 (liver) lineages, in 96-well plates

e) Recrudescence assays of B. mandrillaris were carried out using the minimum amoebicidal concentration of trophozoites method, specially adapted for this study

f) Brain tissue was infected with B. mandrillaris to investigate the efficacy of nitroxoline in an infection model

a) Nitroxoline showed inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ = 4.77 µM against suspensions of B. mandrillaris trophozoites, thus having good anti-amebic activity

b) In the ex vivo model, nitroxoline prevented destruction of the brain tissue caused by B. mandrillaris