. 2022 Aug 5:1–28. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02594-y

Table 1.

Classification, characteristics, results, and main policies of rural industry convergence

Classification	Characteristics	Results	Main Policies of the Chinese government
Convergence of agriculture and tourism (ATOU)	Convergence between industries (A + B) Complementary convergence (A + B = A + B + C)	It promotes the development of agritourism based on the multiple functions of agriculture	In 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture and Tourism Administration signed a cooperation agreement to jointly promote the development of agritourism In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance, and the other 11 departments issued the "Notice on Actively Exploiting Multiple Functions of Agriculture and Vigorously Promoting the Development of Leisure Agriculture" In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Development and Reform Commission, and the other 14 departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Leisure Agriculture"
Convergence of agriculture and processing industry (APOS)	Convergence between industries (A + B) Complementary convergence (A + B = A + B + C)	It promotes the development of agricultural product processing in the countryside and nearby areas and integrates farmers into the agricultural value chain	In 2008, the central government established a modern agricultural production development fund to support agricultural product processing enterprises In 2012, the central government launched a subsidy program for the initial processing of agricultural products and supported farmers and cooperatives to build processing facilities In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "National Agricultural Product Processing Industry and Rural Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries Integrated Development Plan (2016–2020)"
Convergence of planting and breeding industry (MIXA)	Convergence within industries (A1 + A2) Complementary convergence (A + B = A + B + C)	It promotes the emergence of multiple types of mixed agriculture, and improves the use efficiency of land space, and improve production efficiency	In 2010, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee proposed to develop high-efficiency agriculture, under-forest planting, and breeding industries, and tap the potential of employment in agriculture In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Adjustment of Agricultural Structure in the Northern Agro-pastoral Zone" In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture on the issuance of the "Engineering construction plan of Planting and breeding combined (2017–2020)"
Convergence of agriculture and internet industry (AINT)	Convergence between industries (A + B) Complementary convergence (A + B = A + B + C)	It promotes the development of agricultural e-commerce and enables farmers to directly face the market by the internet	In 2015, the General Office of the State Council put forward guidelines for promoting the convergence of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Commerce issued the Action Plan for Promoting the Development of Agricultural E-commerce

Classification

Characteristics

Results

Main Policies of the Chinese government

Convergence of agriculture and tourism

(ATOU)

Convergence between industries

(A + B)

Complementary convergence

(A + B = A + B + C)

It promotes the development of agritourism based on the multiple functions of agriculture

In 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture and Tourism Administration signed a cooperation agreement to jointly promote the development of agritourism

In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance, and the other 11 departments issued the "Notice on Actively Exploiting Multiple Functions of Agriculture and Vigorously Promoting the Development of Leisure Agriculture"

In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Development and Reform Commission, and the other 14 departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Leisure Agriculture"

Convergence of agriculture and processing industry

(APOS)

Convergence between industries

(A + B)

Complementary convergence

(A + B = A + B + C)

It promotes the development of agricultural product processing in the countryside and nearby areas and integrates farmers into the agricultural value chain

In 2008, the central government established a modern agricultural production development fund to support agricultural product processing enterprises

In 2012, the central government launched a subsidy program for the initial processing of agricultural products and supported farmers and cooperatives to build processing facilities

In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "National Agricultural Product Processing Industry and Rural Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries Integrated Development Plan (2016–2020)"

Convergence of planting and breeding industry

(MIXA)

Convergence within industries

(A1 + A2)

Complementary convergence

(A + B = A + B + C)

It promotes the emergence of multiple types of mixed agriculture, and improves the use efficiency of land space, and improve production efficiency

In 2010, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee proposed to develop high-efficiency agriculture, under-forest planting, and breeding industries, and tap the potential of employment in agriculture

In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Adjustment of Agricultural Structure in the Northern Agro-pastoral Zone"

In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture on the issuance of the "Engineering construction plan of Planting and breeding combined (2017–2020)"

Convergence of agriculture and internet industry

(AINT)

Convergence between industries

(A + B)

Complementary convergence

(A + B = A + B + C)

It promotes the development of agricultural e-commerce and enables farmers to directly face the market by the internet

In 2015, the General Office of the State Council put forward guidelines for promoting the convergence of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries

In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Commerce issued the Action Plan for Promoting the Development of Agricultural E-commerce