Table 3.
Summary of Moisture Chamber Goggles for the Treatment of MGD
| Device | Paper | N | Clinical Outcomes that Were Improveda | Adverse Events Related to Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blephasteam | Benitez del Castillo et al 2014. Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of an eyelid warming device for the treatment of MGD.28 | 73 | Improved symptoms | No adverse events |
| Custom device | Matsumoto et al 2006. Efficacy of a New Warm Moist Air Device on Tear Functions of Patients with Simple Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.30 | 35 | Improved symptoms Improved tear stability |
Not reported |
| Custom device | Spiteri et al 2007. Tear lipid layer thickness and ocular comfort with novel device in dry eye patients with and without Sjögren’s syndrome.32 | 26 | Improved symptoms | No adverse events |
| Custom device | Mitra et al 2005. Tear film lipid layer thickness and ocular comfort after meibomian therapy via latent heat with novel device in normal subjects.92 | 24 | No improved symptoms, tear stability, or meibomian gland metrics | No adverse events |
| Blephasteam | Pult et al 2012. A Comparison of an Eyelid-Warming Device to Traditional Compress Therapy.35 | 20 | No improved symptoms, tear stability, or meibomian gland metrics | Not reported |
| Blephasteam | Purslow et al 2013. Evaluation of the ocular tolerance of a novel eyelid-warming device used for meibomian gland dysfunction.93 | 25 | No improved symptoms, tear stability, or meibomian gland metrics | No adverse events |
| Custom device + ATs | Ren et al 2018. Short-term effect of a developed warming moist chamber goggle for video display terminal-associated dry eye.31 | 22 | Improved symptoms Improved tear stability |
No adverse events |
| Blephasteam | Turnbull et al 2018. Comparison of treatment effect across varying severities of meibomian gland dropout.26 | 81 | Improved tear stability | Not reported |
| Prototype | Wang et al 2020. Therapeutic profile of a latent heat eyelid warming device with temperature setting variation.34 | 15 | Improved tear stability | No adverse events |
| Blephasteam + Optrex spray | Bilkhu et al 2021. Provocation of the ocular surface to investigate the evaporative pathophysiology of dry eye disease.29 | 40 | Improved symptoms | Not reported |
| Blephasteam | Villani et al 2015. Evaluation of a novel eyelid-warming device in meibomian gland dysfunction unresponsive to traditional warm compress treatment: an in vivo confocal study.33 | 50 | Improved symptoms Improved tear stability |
No adverse events |
| Blephasteam | Sim et al 2014. A Randomized, Controlled Treatment Trial of Eyelid-Warming Therapies in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.18 | 65 | Improved symptoms Improved meibomian gland function |
Minor discomfort using EyeGiene |
| Blephasteam | Olafsson et al 2021. TheraPearl Eye Mask and Blephasteam for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized, comparative clinical trial.25 | 70 | Improved symptoms Improved tear stability |
Not reported |
Notes: aMeibomian gland function = meibum quality, expressibility, lid margins, or meibography, tear stability = invasive or non-invasive tear breakup time, symptoms = as assessed with symptom questionnaires or visual analogue scale.