Table 1.

Overview of Treatment and Prognosis by Stage of Pancreatic Cancer

Disease extent	Localized		Advanced
Major vasculature involvementa	Uninvolved or abutted	Uninvolved or abutted	Encased	Distant metastasis, irrespective of the major vascular involvement
Clinical stage	Resectable	Borderline resectable	Locally advanced	Metastatic
Prevalence of pancreatic cancer among patients newly diagnosed with PDAC, %	10–15	30–35	30–35	50–55
American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor, node, and metastasis stage	I-II	II-III	II-III	IV
Treatment intent	Curative	Curative	Supportive and palliative	Supportive and palliative
Treatment	Surgery plus adjuvant systemic therapy	Neoadjuvant systemic therapy; surgery for resectable patients from favorable response; radiation for unresectable patients without distant metastasis	Neoadjuvant systemic therapy; surgery for resectable patients from favorable response; radiation for unresectable patients without distant metastasis	Systemic therapya
5-y survival rate, %	35–45	10–15	10–15	<5

Abbreviation: PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

^aThe degree of contact between the tumor and local blood vessels (ie, the superior mesenteric and portal veins as well as the celiac, hepatic, and superior mesenteric arteries) is categorized as either uninvolved, abutted, or encased. Abutment implies that the tumor has 180° or less of blood vessel involvement and encasement implies greater than 180° of circumferential tumor-vessel involvement.