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. 2022 Mar 20;61(6):2929–2938. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02848-5

Table 2.

Odds ratios (OR) for high perceived stress by quartiles of specific types of fruit

Per SD Fruit intake quartiles
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Apples and pears 76 g increase n = 2162 n = 2165 n = 2153 n = 2160
 Average intake (g/day) 7 (7, 8) 28 (27, 28) 66 (65, 66) 168 (162, 174)
 High stress, n (%) 599 (34%) 582 (29%) 510 (25%) 453 (25%)
 Model 11 0.86 (0.79, 0.94) Ref 0.81 (0.59, 1.13) 0.64 (0.48, 0.86) 0.64 (0.51, 0.81)
 Model 22 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) Ref 0.76 (0.52, 1.10) 0.68 (0.49, 0.94) 0.69 (0.53, 0.90)
Orange and other citrus 50 g increase n = 2162 n = 2165 n = 2153 n = 2160
 Average intake (g/day) 2 (2, 2) 12 (12, 12) 34 (33, 34) 112 (108, 116)
 High stress, n (%) 600 (31%) 610 (30%) 549 (29%) 425 (23%)
 Model 11 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) Ref 0.98 (0.81, 1.19) 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) 0.68 (0.56, 0.82)
 Model 22 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) Ref 0.88 (0.71, 1.01) 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) 0.75 (0.64, 0.89)
Bananas 35 g increase n = 2166 n = 2161 n = 2155 n = 2158
 Average intake (g/day) 4 (4, 4) 16 (16, 16) 36 (36, 37) 84 (82, 86)
 High stress, n (%) 620 (33%) 604 (31%) 530 (27%) 430 (22%)
 Model 11 0.83 (0.76, 0.90) Ref 0.89 (0.71, 1.13) 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) 0.59 (0.51, 0.68)
 Model 22 0.92 (0.85, 0.98) Ref 0.93 (0.74, 1.19) 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) 0.76 (0.64, 0.89)

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) obtained using the survey command for logistic regression. Fruit intake (g/d) is shown as mean and 95% CI. Lower stress represents Q1 to Q3; High stress represents Q4. Analyses were adjusted according to the following models: model 11, unadjusted; and model 22, multivariable-adjusted (confounding factors included age, sex, BMI [body mass index], energy intake, relationship status, physical activity, level of education, SEIFA [Socio-economical index for areas], smoking status, diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease). Numbers in bold are significantly different from Q1 (p < 0.05)