Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate predictors of humeral head collapse.
| Variables | Univariate predictors | Multivariate predictors | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamada grades 1–4 (N = 193) | Hamada grade 5 (N = 17) | P-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 72.7 ± 8.3 | 75.4 ± 7.2 | 0.169 | – | – |
| Sex (female) | 100 (52%) | 15 (88%) | 0.004* | 10.30 (1.98–54.43) | 0.006* |
| Duration of symptoms (years) | 2.8 ± 3.4 | 5.2 ± 6.3 | 0.396 | – | – |
| Trauma | 74 (38%) | 6 (35%) | 0.804 | – | – |
| Smoking | 63 (33%) | 4 (24%) | 0.440 | – | – |
| Diabetes | 41 (21%) | 1 (6%) | 0.129 | – | – |
| Hypertension | 80 (41%) | 8 (47%) | 0.653 | – | – |
| RA | 11 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 0.975 | – | – |
| Pseudoparalysis | 63 (33%) | 13 (76%) | < 0.001* | 3.99 (0.99–16.17) | 0.053 |
| ISP tear | 150 (78%) | 11 (65%) | 0.224 | – | – |
| Superior SSC tear | 85 (44%) | 15 (88%) | 0.001* | 15.81 (2.17–115.00) | 0.006* |
| FI into SSP | 93 (48%) | 12 (76%) | 0.076 | – | – |
| FI into ISP | 48 (25%) | 6 (35%) | 0.346 | – | – |
| FI into superior SSC | 60 (31%) | 11 (65%) | 0.005* | 0.35 (0.07–1.83) | 0.214 |
| FI into inferior SSC | 15 (8%) | 7 (41%) | < 0.001* | 5.57 (1.24–25.10) | 0.025 |
| FI into TM | 14 (7%) | 5 (29%) | 0.002* | 4.65 (0.84–25.62) | 0.078 |
| LHB tendon rupture | 46 (24%) | 7 (41%) | 0.115 | – | – |
Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
CI Confidence interval, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, ISP Infraspinatus, SSC Subscapularis, FI Fatty infiltration of Goutallier grade 3 or higher, TM Teres minor, LHB Long head of biceps brachii.
*P < 0.017.