Table 1.
Overview of sociodemographic characteristics of study dataset including comorbidities and polygenic risk score with p values from Mann–Whitney U test for numerical variables and Fisher’s exact test for binary variables.
| HC n = 556 | PD = 430 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic, PRS and comorbidities | Mean or YES in % | SD or NO/YES | n.a. | Mean or YES in % | SD or NO/YES | n.a. | p value |
| Gender (male)* | 56% | 243/313 | 0 | 67% | 142/288 | 0 | 7.8e−04″ |
| Age at onset (years) | – | – | 556 | 61.84 | 11.99 | 0 | – |
| Age at assessment (years) | 59.61 | 11.78 | 0 | 67.30 | 11.04 | 0 | 6.8e−23″ |
| Disease duration since diagnosis (years) | – | – | 556 | 5.49 | 5.54 | 0 | – |
| Years of education | 14.27 | 3.88 | 5 | 13.09 | 4.10 | 0 | 5.4e−06″ |
| Family history of parkinsonism* | 26% | 408/146 | 2 | 25% | 324/106 | 0 | 5.6e−01 |
| Family history of dementia* | 32% | 373/178 | 5 | 24% | 325/103 | 2 | 5.4e−03′ |
| Polygenic risk score for PD | −0.21 | 0.91 | 6 | 0.16 | 0.94 | 6 | 7.1e−09″ |
| De novo* | – | 0/0 | 556 | 8% | 395/35 | 0 | – |
| Treatment with DBS* | 0% | 556/0 | 0 | 5% | 410/20 | 0 | 4.8e−08″ |
| History or presence of RLS* | 6% | 520/36 | 0 | 9% | 392/38 | 0 | 1.8e−01 |
| Diabetes (type not specified)* | 6% | 523/33 | 0 | 10% | 385/45 | 0 | 1.2e−02′ |
| Arterial hypertension* | 33% | 375/181 | 0 | 44% | 239/191 | 0 | 1.6e−04″ |
| Cardiovascular disease* | 9% | 504/52 | 0 | 21% | 340/90 | 0 | 3.8e−07″ |
| Hypercholesterolemia* | 38% | 347/209 | 0 | 42% | 248/182 | 0 | 1.5e−01 |
| History of stroke* | 3% | 539/17 | 0 | 5% | 410/20 | 0 | 2.4e−01 |
Single and double ticks indicate significance at the 5% level and the Bonferroni-adjusted 5% level respectively. The binary variables are annotated by asterisk.
n.a. corresponds to total number of missing values per variable, PD Parkinson’s disease, PRS Polygenic risk score, HC Healthy controls, DBS Deep brain stimulation, SD Standard deviation.