Table 3.
Multiple regression of clinical outcomes on age at onset (AAO), age at assessment (AAA) and disease duration for Parkinson’s disease group.
| Clinical symptoms and scales | Intercept | Disease duration | AAA | Intercept | Disease duration | AAO | Intercept | AAA | AAO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H&Y | 0.23 | 0.05″ | 0.03″ | 0.23 | 0.07″ | 0.03″ | 0.23 | 0.07″ | −0.05″ |
| MDS-UPDRS III | 5.95 | 0.76″ | 0.36″ | 6.04 | 1.13″ | 0.36″ | 5.98 | 1.13″ | −0.76″ |
| MDS-UPDRS II | 2.38 | 0.63″ | 0.09′ | 2.39 | 0.72″ | 0.09′ | 2.41 | 0.72″ | −0.63″ |
| LEDD (g/day) | 0.37 | 0.04″ | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.03″ | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.03″ | −0.04″ |
| Gait disorder* | −2.23 | 0.08″ | 0.03′ | −2.23 | 0.12″ | 0.03′ | −2.22 | 0.12″ | −0.08″ |
| Repetitive falls* | −5.79 | 0.14″ | 0.05″ | −5.74 | 0.19″ | 0.05″ | −5.80 | 0.19″ | −0.15″ |
| MDS-UPDRS IV | 3.43 | 0.28″ | −0.05′ | 3.46 | 0.24″ | −0.05′ | 3.43 | 0.24″ | −0.28″ |
| Dyskinesia/day (hours) | −0.16 | 0.12″ | 0.00 | −0.16 | 0.12″ | 0.00 | −0.15 | 0.12″ | −0.12″ |
| OFF time/day (hours) | 0.87 | 0.06″ | −0.01 | 0.87 | 0.05″ | −0.01 | 0.87 | 0.05″ | −0.06″ |
| Dystonia/day (hours) | 0.15 | 0.01″ | 0.00′ | 0.16 | 0.01″ | 0.00′ | 0.15 | 0.01″ | −0.01″ |
| Dyskinesia* | −1.57 | 0.18″ | −0.02 | −1.55 | 0.15″ | −0.02 | −1.56 | 0.15″ | −0.18″ |
| Motor fluctuations* | −0.35 | 0.18″ | −0.04′ | −0.39 | 0.14″ | −0.04′ | −0.33 | 0.14″ | −0.18″ |
| Freezing of gait* | −2.82 | 0.16″ | 0.01 | −2.87 | 0.17″ | 0.01 | −2.79 | 0.17″ | −0.16″ |
| MoCA | 37.04 | −0.05 | −0.19″ | 37.10 | −0.24″ | −0.19″ | 37.03 | −0.23″ | 0.05 |
| Sniffin’ stick test | 12.40 | −0.11″ | −0.06″ | 12.41 | −0.17″ | −0.06″ | 12.40 | −0.17″ | 0.11″ |
| PDQ-39 | 29.72 | 1.78″ | 0.01 | 29.46 | 1.79″ | 0.01 | 29.87 | 1.77″ | −1.76″ |
| SCOPA-AUT | 2.20 | 0.43″ | 0.15″ | 2.16 | 0.58″ | 0.15″ | 2.23 | 0.58″ | −0.42″ |
| MDS-UPDRS I | 6.05 | 0.35″ | 0.04 | 5.96 | 0.39″ | 0.04 | 6.08 | 0.38″ | −0.35″ |
| BDI-I | 6.14 | 0.24″ | 0.04 | 6.19 | 0.28″ | 0.04 | 6.15 | 0.28″ | −0.24″ |
| Starkstein Apathy Scale | 6.75 | −0.01 | 0.11″ | 6.81 | 0.10 | 0.11″ | 6.74 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
| PDSS | 117.20 | −0.98″ | −0.10 | 117.45 | −1.08″ | −0.10 | 117.11 | −1.06″ | 0.96″ |
| Probable RBD* | −2.13 | 0.11″ | 0.00 | −2.14 | 0.12″ | 0.00 | −2.12 | 0.11″ | −0.11″ |
| Excessive daily sleepiness* | −1.31 | 0.07″ | 0.00 | −1.37 | 0.07″ | 0.00 | −1.29 | 0.07′ | −0.06″ |
| Insomnia* | −1.00 | 0.04′ | −0.01 | −1.01 | 0.04 | −0.01 | −1.00 | 0.04 | −0.04′ |
| Hallucinations* | −3.08 | 0.09″ | 0.01 | −3.06 | 0.10″ | 0.01 | −3.08 | 0.11″ | −0.09″ |
| Impulse Control Disorder* | −1.62 | 0.11″ | −0.02 | −1.64 | 0.09′ | −0.02 | −1.60 | 0.09′ | −0.11″ |
| Orthostatic hypotension* | −1.88 | 0.05′ | 0.01 | −1.92 | 0.06′ | 0.01 | −1.87 | 0.06′ | −0.05′ |
| Dysphagia* | −1.77 | 0.06′ | 0.00 | −1.80 | 0.06′ | 0.01 | −1.76 | 0.06′ | −0.06′ |
| Constipation* | −2.14 | 0.07″ | 0.02′ | −2.19 | 0.10″ | 0.02′ | −2.13 | 0.09″ | −0.07″ |
| Urinary Incontinence* | −3.40 | 0.04′ | 0.04″ | −3.36 | 0.08″ | 0.03″ | −3.41 | 0.08″ | −0.05′ |
Regression coefficients for different outcomes (rows) from three equivalent models with each two out of three features (columns). Single and double ticks indicate significance at the 5% level and the Bonferroni-adjusted 5% level respectively. The bold indicates significant effect where minus value indicates negative significant effect and positive value positive significant effect respectively. The binary variables are annotated by asterisk. Clinical symptoms and scales are described in Supplementary Material.