Table 5.
Multiple regression model with PD and HC investigating the difference in effect of ageing in HC (AAA) and in PD (AAA:status) adjusted for disease duration.
| Clinical symptoms and scales | Intercept | AAA | Status | Disease duration | AAA:Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H&Y | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.05″ | 0.03″ |
| MDS-UPDRS III | −3.70 | 0.12′ | 9.65 | 0.76″ | 0.24″ |
| MDS-UPDRS II | −0.21 | 0.02 | 2.59 | 0.63″ | 0.06′ |
| LEDD (g/day) | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.04″ | 0.00 |
| Gait disorder* | −12.56 | 0.13′ | 10.34 | 0.08″ | −0.10′ |
| Repetitive falls* | −5.14 | 0.00 | −0.66 | 0.14″ | 0.04 |
| MDS-UPDRS IV | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.43 | 0.28″ | −0.05″ |
| Dyskinesia/day (hours) | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.16 | 0.12″ | 0.00 |
| OFF time/day (hours) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.87 | 0.06″ | −0.01 |
| Dystonia/day (hours) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.01″ | 0.00′ |
| Dyskinesia* | −20.57 | 0.00 | 18.99 | 0.18″ | −0.02 |
| Motor fluctuations* | −20.57 | 0.00 | 20.22 | 0.18″ | −0.04 |
| Freezing of gait* | −20.57 | 0.00 | 17.75 | 0.16″ | 0.01 |
| MoCA | 29.84 | −0.05″ | 7.20 | −0.05 | −0.14″ |
| Sniffin’ stick test | 15.44 | −0.04″ | −3.03 | −0.11″ | −0.01 |
| PDQ-39 | 10.68 | −0.01 | 19.04 | 1.78″ | 0.01 |
| SCOPA-AUT | 2.53 | 0.08′ | −0.33 | 0.43″ | 0.07 |
| MDS-UPDRS I | 3.12 | 0.02 | 2.94 | 0.35″ | 0.01 |
| BDI-I | 4.06 | 0.02 | 2.09 | 0.24″ | 0.02 |
| Starkstein Apathy Scale | 5.11 | 0.07″ | 1.64 | −0.01 | 0.04 |
| PDSS | 130.37 | −0.13 | −13.17 | −0.98″ | 0.03 |
| Probable RBD* | −1.58 | −0.02 | −0.54 | 0.11″ | 0.02 |
| Excessive daily sleepiness* | −6.53 | 0.05 | 5.22 | 0.07″ | −0.05 |
| Insomnia* | −2.00 | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.04′ | 0.00 |
| Hallucinations* | −3.31 | −0.04 | 0.23 | 0.09″ | 0.05 |
| Impulse Control Disorder* | −4.32 | −0.04 | 2.70 | 0.11″ | 0.01 |
| Orthostatic hypotension* | −3.92 | 0.02 | 2.04 | 0.05′ | −0.01 |
| Dysphagia* | −7.28 | 0.04 | 5.51 | 0.06′ | −0.03 |
| Constipation* | −2.37 | −0.01 | 0.23 | 0.07″ | 0.03 |
| Urinary Incontinence* | −8.43 | 0.08″ | 5.03 | 0.04′ | −0.05′ |
Regression coefficients are shown for different outcomes (rows). Status takes the value 0 for HC and 1 for PD, the AAA:status is the interaction term of AAA and being PD (status = 1). Single and double ticks indicate significance at the 5% level and the Bonferroni-adjusted 5% level respectively, the bold indicates significant effect where minus value indicates negative significant effect and positive value positive significant effect respectively. The column AAA:status indicates whether the effect of AAA on clinical outcomes differs between PD and HC. The binary variables are annotated by asterisk. Clinical symptoms and scales are described in Supplementary Material.