Table 1.
Maternal and infant characteristics.
| Characteristic | Whole sample (n = 413) | High EPDS (n = 52) | Low EPDS (n = 361) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | EPDS, median (range) | 5 (0–28) | 13 (11–28) | 4 (0–10) |
| EPDS-3A, median (range) | 3 (0–9); n = 410 | 6 (2–9); n = 51 | 2 (0–7); n = 359 | |
| History poor MH, N (%) Yes | 115 (27.8%) | 27 (51.9%) | 88 (24.4%) | |
| SSRI use, N (%) Yes | 8 (1.9%) | 3 (5.8%) | 5 (1.4%) | |
| Age, years, median (range) | 34 (17–46) | 34 (24–42) | 34 (17–46) | |
| IMD scores, median (range) | 27.37 (1.55–61.37) | 25.05 (5.06–46.99) | 27.83 (1.55–61.37) | |
| quintile, N (%) | ||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 21 (5.4%) | 2 (4.1%) | 19 (5.5%) | |
| 2 | 32 (8.2%) | 5 (10.2%) | 27 (7.9%) | |
| 3 | 69 (17.6%) | 8 (16.3%) | 61 (17.8%) | |
| 4 | 163 (41.6%) | 23 (46.9%) | 140 (40.8%) | |
| 5 (most deprived) | 107 (27.3%); n = 392 | 11 (22.4%); n = 49 | 96 (28.0%); n = 343 | |
| Smoking, N (%), Yes | 12 (2.9%) | 1 (1.9%) | 11 (3.0 %) | |
| No | 385 (93.2%) | 47 (90.4%) | 338 (93.6%) | |
| No, stopped | 16 (3.9%) | 4 (7.7%) | 12 (3.3%) | |
| Alcohol, N (%), Yes | 40 (9.7%); n = 412 | 4 (7.7%) | 36 (10%); n = 360 | |
| Substance use, N (%), Yes | 2 (0.5%); n = 412 | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.6%); n = 360 | |
| Ethnicity, N (%) | ||||
| White British/Irish | 177 (49%) | 14 (26.9%) | 163 (45.2%) | |
| White Other | 93 (22.5%) | 16 (30.8%) | 77 (21.3%) | |
| Asian/Asian British | 46 (11.1%) | 6 (11.5%) | 40 (11.1%) | |
| Black/Black British | 54 (13.1%) | 10 (19.2%) | 44 (12.2%) | |
| Mixed ethnic group | 16 (3.9 %) | 4 (7.7%) | 12 (3.3%) | |
| Other | 21 (5.1 %) | 2 (3.8%) | 19 (5.3%) | |
| Did not answer | 6 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.7%) | |
| BMI, median (range) | 23.51 (16.87–43.55); n = 407 | 23.77 (17.78–41.66) | 23.46 (16.87–43.55); n = 355 | |
| Infant | Sex, N (%) Male | 223 (54%) | 28 (53.8%) | 195 (54%) |
| Female | 190 (46%) | 24 (46.2%) | 166 (46%) | |
| GA birth, weeks, median (range) | 40 (32.14–42.29) | 39.64 (32.29–42.29) | 40 (32.14–42.29) | |
| PMA scan, weeks, median (range) | 41.29 (36.57–44.71) | 41.29 (36.71–44.14) | 41.29 (36.57–44.71) | |
| Delivery | ||||
| Spontaneous vaginal | 174 (42.1%) | 22 (42.3%) | 152 (42.1%) | |
| Emergency C-Section (labour) | 63 (15.3%) | 11 (21.2%) | 52 (14.4%) | |
| Emergency C-Section (not labour) | 34 (8.2%) | 7 (13.5%) | 27 (7.5%) | |
| Elective C-Section | 45 (10.9%) | 2 (3.8%) | 43 (11.9%) | |
| Instrumental – forceps | 59 (14.3%) | 8 (15.3%) | 51 (14.1%) | |
| Instrumental – ventouse | 38 (9.2%) | 2 (3.8%) | 36 (9.9%) | |
EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, MH mental health, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, IMD index of multiple deprivation, BMI pre-pregnancy body mass index, GA gestational age at birth, PMA postmenstrual age.
No missing values unless otherwise indicated in the table.