. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Feb 10;28(10):1345–1350. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.001

Table 1:

Methods for assessing and restoring adaptive immunity to HSV, VZV, HHV-6

	Diagnostics		Prophylaxis and therapeutics
	HI assay (serologies)	CMI assays	Vaccines	Immunoglobulins	Virus-specific T cells
HSV-1 & 2	Widely available; used to assess for evidence of latent infection prior to SOT and HCT	Not available for routine clinical use	Limited to clinical trials for prevention of primary infection	Not indicated for primary prevention, prophylaxis, or treatment	Not developed for use in humans
VZV	Widely available; used to assess for evidence of latent infection prior to SOT and HCT	Not available for routine clinical use	Primary infection (varicella): live-attenuated varicella vaccine either alone (VARIVAX^®) or in combination with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMRV, ProQuad^®)	Varicella zoster globulin (VARIZIG^®) or pooled intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for post-exposure prophylaxis in VZV seronegative immunocompromised persons	Not developed for use in humans
VZV		Not available for routine clinical use	Reactivation (herpes zoster): RZV (SHINGRIX^®); ZVL (ZOSTAVAX^®) no longer available in the US	Not indicated for prevention of reactivation or treatment of zoster	Not developed for use in humans
HHV-6	Not recommended for routine clinical use	Not available for routine clinical use	Not available for prevention of primary infection or reactivation	Not indicated for primary prevention, prophylaxis, or treatment	Under investigation for prophylaxis and treatment in HCT recipients

Abbreviations: cell mediated immunity (CMI), hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), humoral immunity (HI), recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), solid organ transplant (SOT), varicella zoster virus (VZV), zoster vaccine live (ZVL)