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. 2022 Jul 27;13:888644. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888644

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Copyright © 2022 Yi, Zhao, Fei, Tan, Liu, Chen and Zhang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Causal relationships of OSA on interleukin levels by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. (A) The design of MR analysis was to explore the causal effects of OSA on interleukin levels: OSA as exposure, interleukins as outcomes, and SNPs independently associated with OSA from the used GWAS summary statistic were used as instrumental variables. In addition, other assumptions include the used SNPs is not associated with the confounders between exposure and outcome, and there is no independent pathway between the used SNPs and the outcome other than through exposure. (B) The presented results were performed by method of inverse-variance weighting (IVW). IL, interleukin.