Table 3.
Factors by year and housing security group.
| 2019 | 2020 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Yes, N = 2,331a | No, N = 281a | p -value b | Yes, N = 4,766a | No, N = 252a | p -value b |
| Enrollment | 0.030 | 0.080 | ||||
| Full-time | 1,983 (85%) | 252 (90%) | 3,977 (83%) | 221 (88%) | ||
| Part-time | 347 (15%) | 28 (10%) | 789 (17%) | 31 (12%) | ||
| Employed? | 0.3 | 0.6 | ||||
| Full-time | 1,432 (61%) | 182 (65%) | 897 (19%) | 44 (17%) | ||
| Part-time | 899 (39%) | 99 (35%) | 1,855 (39%) | 106 (42%) | ||
| No | 2,014 (42%) | 102 (40%) | ||||
| Consistently working? | 0.6 | 0.11 | ||||
| On campus | 563 (39%) | 76 (42%) | 447 (16%) | 32 (21%) | ||
| Off campus | 866 (61%) | 106 (58%) | 2,305 (84%) | 118 (79%) | ||
| Hours per week | 0.4 | 0.9 | ||||
| 19 h or more | 691 (48%) | 82 (45%) | 1,236 (45%) | 66 (44%) | ||
| Less than 19 h | 739 (52%) | 100 (55%) | 1,516 (55%) | 84 (56%) | ||
| Age | 0.003 | 0.014 | ||||
| <18 | 4 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 28 (0.6%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| 19–24 | 1,633 (70%) | 187 (67%) | 3,244 (68%) | 189 (75%) | ||
| 25–34 | 438 (19%) | 76 (27%) | 1,010 (21%) | 53 (21%) | ||
| 35–44 | 179 (7.7%) | 9 (3.2%) | 310 (6.5%) | 7 (2.8%) | ||
| 45–64 | 74 (3.2%) | 8 (2.8%) | 163 (3.4%) | 2 (0.8%) | ||
| >65 | 1 (<0.1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (<0.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Family income | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| < $50,000 | 1,854 (80%) | 261 (94%) | 3,373 (71%) | 221 (88%) | ||
| >= $50,000 | 461 (20%) | 17 (6.1%) | 1,393 (29%) | 31 (12%) | ||
| Academic level | 0.10 | 0.3 | ||||
| Freshman | 328 (14%) | 40 (14%) | 642 (13%) | 41 (16%) | ||
| Sophomore | 339 (15%) | 42 (15%) | 674 (14%) | 39 (15%) | ||
| Junior | 596 (26%) | 71 (25%) | 1,163 (24%) | 66 (26%) | ||
| Senior | 689 (30%) | 66 (23%) | 1,527 (32%) | 65 (26%) | ||
| Masters | 275 (12%) | 41 (15%) | 517 (11%) | 25 (9.9%) | ||
| Doctoral | 99 (4.2%) | 21 (7.5%) | 225 (4.7%) | 16 (6.3%) | ||
| Professional | 5 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Commute mode | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Missing | 79 (3.4%) | 16 (5.7%) | 284 (6.0%) | 11 (4.4%) | ||
| Car (alone) | 1,484 (64%) | 136 (49%) | 3,127 (66%) | 150 (60%) | ||
| Carpool | 234 (10%) | 22 (7.9%) | 546 (11%) | 25 (9.9%) | ||
| Bus/public | 124 (5.3%) | 9 (3.2%) | 195 (4.1%) | 10 (4.0%) | ||
| Bike | 237 (10%) | 48 (17%) | 363 (7.6%) | 16 (6.3%) | ||
| Trolley | 19 (0.8%) | 8 (2.9%) | 27 (0.6%) | 2 (0.8%) | ||
| Walk | 102 (4.4%) | 35 (12%) | 116 (2.4%) | 26 (10%) | ||
| Other | 42 (1.8%) | 6 (2.1%) | 107 (2.2%) | 11 (4.4%) | ||
| Reliability of transportation | 0.003 | <0.001 | ||||
| Not reliable | 18 (0.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | 103 (2.2%) | 9 (3.6%) | ||
| Somewhat reliable | 185 (8.0%) | 33 (12%) | 397 (8.3%) | 42 (17%) | ||
| Fairly reliable | 709 (31%) | 106 (38%) | 1,563 (33%) | 102 (40%) | ||
| Very reliable | 1,408 (61%) | 141 (50%) | 2,703 (57%) | 99 (39%) | ||
| Live alone? | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 204 (8.8%) | 63 (22%) | 361 (7.6%) | 61 (24%) | ||
| No | 2,126 (91%) | 218 (78%) | 4,405 (92%) | 191 (76%) | ||
| Dependents? | >0.9 | >0.9 | ||||
| Yes | 417 (20%) | 42 (19%) | 857 (19%) | 36 (19%) | ||
| No | 1,708 (80%) | 176 (81%) | 3,548 (81%) | 155 (81%) | ||
| How many? | 0.015 | 0.036 | ||||
| 1 | 147 (35%) | 23 (55%) | 336 (39%) | 19 (53%) | ||
| 2–3 | 218 (52%) | 18 (43%) | 426 (50%) | 17 (47%) | ||
| 4 or more | 52 (12%) | 1 (2.4%) | 95 (11%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Head of household | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 501 (22%) | 115 (41%) | 1,029 (22%) | 97 (38%) | ||
| No | 1,826 (78%) | 166 (59%) | 3,737 (78%) | 155 (62%) | ||
| Current living situation | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| On campus | 117 (5.0%) | 43 (15%) | 113 (2.4%) | 18 (7.1%) | ||
| Off campus with family | 1,744 (75%) | 86 (31%) | 3,920 (82%) | 116 (46%) | ||
| Off campus no family | 444 (19%) | 145 (52%) | 690 (14%) | 114 (45%) | ||
| Other | 21 (0.9%) | 7 (2.5%) | 43 (0.9%) | 4 (1.6%) | ||
| Know of student homelessness | 0.6 | 0.011 | ||||
| Yes | 626 (27%) | 80 (29%) | 894 (19%) | 64 (25%) | ||
| No | 1,704 (73%) | 200 (71%) | 3,872 (81%) | 188 (75%) | ||
| USDA rating | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Very low FS | 698 (30%) | 150 (53%) | 1,065 (22%) | 109 (43%) | ||
| Low FS | 555 (24%) | 61 (22%) | 1,047 (22%) | 60 (24%) | ||
| High or marginal FS | 1,078 (46%) | 70 (25%) | 2,654 (56%) | 83 (33%) | ||
| (Missing) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | 0.13 | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 1,960 (84%) | 196 (70%) | 3,664 (77%) | 179 (71%) | ||
| AI | 19 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (0.7%) | 3 (1.2%) | ||
| Asian | 54 (2.3%) | 26 (9.3%) | 118 (2.5%) | 10 (4.0%) | ||
| Black | 56 (2.4%) | 17 (6.1%) | 120 (2.5%) | 11 (4.4%) | ||
| PI | 5 (0.2%) | 2 (0.7%) | 17 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| White | 195 (8.4%) | 31 (11%) | 740 (16%) | 43 (17%) | ||
| Other | 39 (1.7%) | 8 (2.9%) | 72 (1.5%) | 6 (2.4%) | ||
| Gender (pronouns) | 0.011 | 0.090 | ||||
| He/Him | 682 (29%) | 97 (35%) | 1,412 (30%) | 73 (29%) | ||
| She/Her | 1,617 (69%) | 177 (63%) | 3,210 (67%) | 166 (66%) | ||
| They/Them | 9 (0.4%) | 5 (1.8%) | 66 (1.4%) | 4 (1.6%) | ||
| Other | 22 (0.9%) | 2 (0.7%) | 25 (0.5%) | 5 (2.0%) | ||
| Prefer no answer | 53 (1.1%) | 4 (1.6%) | ||||
| College | 0.022 | 0.023 | ||||
| Business administration | 250 (11%) | 26 (9.3%) | 527 (11%) | 32 (13%) | ||
| Education | 179 (7.7%) | 16 (5.7%) | 457 (9.6%) | 10 (4.0%) | ||
| Engineering | 366 (16%) | 58 (21%) | 784 (16%) | 31 (12%) | ||
| Health sciences | 332 (14%) | 32 (11%) | 536 (11%) | 32 (13%) | ||
| Liberal arts | 607 (26%) | 88 (31%) | 1,188 (25%) | 70 (28%) | ||
| Science | 418 (18%) | 52 (19%) | 776 (16%) | 52 (21%) | ||
| Nursing | 143 (6.1%) | 7 (2.5%) | 403 (8.5%) | 20 (7.9%) | ||
| Pharmacy | 14 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 38 (0.8%) | 3 (1.2%) | ||
| Other | 22 (0.9%) | 2 (0.7%) | 57 (1.2%) | 2 (0.8%) | ||
an (%).
bFisher's exact test for count data; Fisher's exact test for count data with simulated p-value (Based on 2,000 replicates).