Table 4.

University model to address food and housing insecurity.

Pre-COVID pandemic food and housing support services	Changes to the food and housing support services influenced by COVID
University Food Pantry established in 2014, operated first out of a modest closet, and expanded in 2018 to an office inside a gymnasium facility and across from student dormitories with convenient parking to support students.	The magnitude of FI and HI among students in 2019 and 2020, along with the associations across years, were influenced by the efforts of the University.
Efforts centered on providing emergency food assistance via pantry and emergency support for foster students and students experiencing homelessness. Food pantry referred students to the local food bank, pantries and health and human service organizations. Pantry offerings consisted of packaged grains, cereals, fruit, tuna, chicken, and toiletries (32, 33).	University shifted to provide a range of financial assistance and support services. Pantry was one of the few sites that remained operational due to the essential service it provided. Campus pantry adapted its model to seek donations through social media and a digital platform, where donors could browse, purchase and send non-perishable items delivered directly to campus. Additional investments in the pantry by the University to help meet growing student needs and expanded its efforts by providing grocery store gift cards and donating additional holiday gift baskets to ensure that students had sufficient food during long holidays (32).
In addition, the Foster, Homeless, and Adopted Resources (FHAR) Program provided financial and other support services for students with severe housing insecurity (33).	University used federal COVID Relief funds to provide housing grants for on-campus housing expenses. Opened dormitories for emergency housing and offered support services to connect students to more permanent housing off campus. Increased investments in the FHAR Program (33).
	Introduced diverse emergency financial assistance to serve as safety net to pay for food and rent. Raised private contributions to create emergency aid fund. Over $71 million of federal funds were for tuition grants. Short-term emergency loans to assist with basic needs (34, 35).
	Increased awareness of resources available and encouraged use. Faculty shared resources with students in class, syllabus, and encouraged them to utilize resources. Counseling and psychological services expanded services and shifted to a combination of in-person and telehealth services (36).