Table 4.
Comparison of semen analysis indices and testicular volume between patients with clinical (ultrasonographic grades 3–5) and subclinical (ultrasonographic grades 1–2) varicoceles
| Varicocele status | N | Mean | SD | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semen analysis | |||||
| Sperm count (×106 cells/ml) | Subclinical | 19 | 68.48 | 49.48 | 0.200 |
| Clinical | 90 | 54.20 | 47.43 | ||
| Semen volume (ml) | Subclinical | 19 | 3.49 | 2.00 | 0.211 |
| Clinical | 89 | 4.48 | 6.28 | ||
| Morphology (% normal) | Subclinical | 19 | 45.89 | 14.57 | 0.753 |
| Clinical | 89 | 45.52 | 16.61 | ||
| Grade 4 motility (%) | Subclinical | 19 | 38.94 | 21.76 | 0.239 |
| Clinical | 90 | 32.27 | 22.90 | ||
| Grade 3 motility (%) | Subclinical | 18 | 4.44 | 8.38 | 0.236 |
| Clinical | 90 | 8.57 | 14.87 | ||
| Progressive motility (%) | Subclinical | 19 | 43.15 | 18.72 | 0.650 |
| Clinical | 90 | 40.84 | 20.47 | ||
| Grade 2 motility (%) | Subclinical | 19 | 6.73 | 4.72 | 0.058 |
| Clinical | 90 | 4.75 | 4.25 | ||
| Grade 1 motility (%) | Subclinical | 19 | 8.94 | 16.18 | 0.389 |
| Clinical | 90 | 4.90 | 2.748 | ||
| Grade 0 motility (%) | Subclinical | 19 | 43.78 | 19.60 | 0.384 |
| Clinical | 90 | 48.86 | 19.66 | ||
| Testicular volume (ml) | |||||
| Left * | Subclinical | 19 | 19.47 | 5.21 | 0.700 |
| Clinical | 90 | 18.95 | 5.41 | ||
| Right | Subclinical | 19 | 21.16 | 6.160 | 0.820 |
| Clinical | 90 | 20.19 | 5.74 |
*
Independent t-test (Mann-Whitney U test was used in all other cases)