Table 1.
Summary of in vivo study characteristics. ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FACS: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FTY720: Fingolimod; IL-4/IL-13: The combined treatment of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13; LMHFV: Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration; Mac1SAP: Mac-1 Sap conjugated antibody; MaR1: Maresin 1; MSR1: Macrophage scavenger receptor 1; PLX3397: Pexidartinib; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; 1,25(OH)2D: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D.
| First Author, Year | Strain, species, age, gender | Fracture site | Osteotomy type | Fixation | Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang, 2016 | BALB/c, mice, 10 weeks, M |
Tibia | Closed, fracture | Sterile metal pin | FTY720 |
| Sprague–Dawley, rat, 6–8 weeks, F | Cranial | Open, defect (8 mm diameter) | No fixation | ||
| Sandberg, 2017 | C57bl6/NRj, mouse, 9 weeks, M |
Tibial metaphysis | Open, defect (0.6 mm diameter) | 0.6 mm in diameter custom made titanium screw |
Clodronate liposomes |
| Open, defect (0.4 mm diameter) | No fixation | Clodronate liposomes | |||
| Schlundt, 2018 | C57BL/6N, mouse, 8 weeks, M |
Femoral diaphysis | Closed, fracture | Intramedullary wire | Clodronate liposomes |
| C57BL/6N, mouse, 12–16 weeks, F |
Femoral metaphysis | Open, fracture | Pin (0.45 mm diameter), external fixator | IL-4/IL-13 | |
| Wasnik, 2018 | B6, mouse, 12 weeks, M |
Femoral diaphysis | Closed, fracture | 30 G needle | 1,25(OH)2D |
| Chow, 2019 | Sprague–Dawley, rat, 9 months, F | Femoral diaphysis | Closed, fracture | Kirschner wire | LMHFV |
| Xu, 2019 | Sprague–Dawley, rat, N/A, F | Femoral diaphysis | Open, fracture | Kirschner wire | Trehalose |
| Clark, 2020 | C57B6/J, mouse, 3 or 24 months, N/A |
Tibia | Closed, fracture | No fixation | PLX3397 |
| Hozain, 2020 | Swiss Webster, mouse, 8–10 weeks, F | Femoral diaphysis | Closed, fracture | Intramedullary pins | Mac1SAP toxin |
| Huang, 2020 | C57BL/6J, mouse, 24 months, M&F |
Tibia | Open, fracture | Stainless steel pin | MaR1 |
| Zhao, 2020 | C57BL/6, mouse, 8 weeks, M |
Tibia | Open, defect (0.8 mm diameter) | No fixation | Macrophage GIT1 depletion |
| Zhao, 2020 | C57BL/6, mouse, N/A, N/A |
Tibia | Open, defect (0.8 mm diameter) | No fixation | Macrophage MSR1 knockout |