Table 1.
Stem cell membrane-camouflaged targeted delivery system in tumors.
| Stem cell type | Nanoparticle | Tumor type | Cell line | Applications and limitations | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemotherapy | |||||
| Human umbilical cord-derived MSC | PLGA-encapsulated DOX | Liver cancer | MHCC97H cell | (1) improve the tumor-targeting and accumulation of the nanoparticles; (2) enhance the tumor-killing efficacy of chemotherapy; (3) the great potential applications in anti-liver cancer therapy; (4) the scarcity of source cells is limited | 50 |
| MSC | Gelatin nanogels loaded with DOX | Cervical cancer | HeLa cell | (1) effectively evade clearance of the immune system; (2) enhance the tumor-targeting properties and anti-tumor chemotherapy efficacy; (3) the scarcity of source cells is limited | 51 |
| SD rat bone marrow-derived MSC | MSN core loaded with DOX | HepG2 cell | (1) show stronger tumor targeting and penetration ability; (2) effectively inhibit the growth of tumors and decrease the side effects of treatment by decreasing the exposure of other tissues to DOX | 52 | |
| Photodynamic therapy | |||||
| Human and rat bone marrow-derived MSC | UCNPs@mSiO2 | Cervical cancer | HeLa cell | (1) the long circulation and tumor-targeting capability; (2) produce remote-controlled photodynamic therapy in vivo; (3) the potential application for deep-tissue cancer treatment; (4) the scarcity of source cells is limited | 56 |
| Magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic resonance imaging | |||||
| Human adipose-derived MSC | SPIO | Prostate cancer | Tramp-C1 cell | magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic resonance imaging | 57 |
| Human umbilical cord-derived MSC | Fe3O4@PDA-siRNA | Prostate cancer | DU145 cell | the synergistic combination of magnetic photothermal treatment and gene silencing therapy | 59 |
| CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy | |||||
| Human bone marrow-derived MSC | LNP-Cas9 RNP and CXCL12α | Acute myeloid leukemia | Leukemia stem cell | (1) sustained local delivery of Cas9/IL1RAP sgRNA; (2) provide an effective gene strategy for tumor | 61 |
| Synergistic therapy | |||||
| Human umbilical cord-derived MSC | PDA encapsulating SN38 | Bone tumor | MG63 cell | (1) exhibit lower nonspecific macrophage uptake, longer retention in blood, and more effective accumulation at tumor sites; (2) produce synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy; (3) the scarcity of source cells is limited | 69 |
| Human umbilical cord-derived MSC | PDA carrying DOX and PD-L1 siRNA | PCa bone metastases | PC-3 prostate cancer cell | (1) effectively enhance blood retention and improve accumulation at tumor sites; (2) excellent performance in synergistic chemoimmunotherapy; (3) the potential application for PCa bone metastasis treatment; (4) the scarcity of source cells is limited | 67 |
MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; DOX: doxorubicin; MSN: mesoporous silica nanoparticle; UCNPs@mSiO2: mesoporous silica coated upconversion nanoparticles; SPIO: superparamagnetic iron oxide; PDA: polydopamine; LNP: lipidoid nanoparticle; SN38: 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin; PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand 1; PCa: prostate cancer.