Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Participants Enrolled in the Trial, Stratified by Study Group.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Social worker | Peer | |
| No. | 648 | 325 | 323 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 36.9 (10.8) | 37.2 (11.1) | 36.4 (10.5) |
| Sex at birth | |||
| Male | 442 (68.2) | 224 (68.9) | 218 (67.5) |
| Female | 206 (31.8) | 101 (31.1) | 105 (32.5) |
| Gender identity | |||
| Female | 202 (31.2) | 99 (30.5) | 103 (31.9) |
| Male | 439 (67.7) | 223 (68.6) | 216 (66.9) |
| Transgender | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 |
| Race | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 17 (2.6) | 9 (2.8) | 8 (2.5) |
| Asian | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) |
| Black, African, Haitian, or Cape Verdean | 39 (6.0) | 20 (6.2) | 19 (5.9) |
| Mixed, biracial, or multiracial | 61 (9.4) | 27 (8.3) | 34 (10.5) |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) |
| White | 444 (68.5) | 226 (69.5) | 218 (67.5) |
| Othera | 62 (9.6) | 29 (8.9) | 33 (10.2) |
| Did not know or refused to answer | 13 (2.0) | 7 (2.2) | 6 (1.9) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 541 (83.5) | 276 (84.9) | 265 (82.0) |
| Hispanic | 107 (16.5) | 49 (15.1) | 58 (18.0) |
| Overdose as reason for enrollment visit | |||
| No | 353 (54.5) | 180 (55.4) | 173 (53.6) |
| Yes | 293 (45.4) | 144 (44.4) | 149 (46.3) |
| Current health insurance coverage | |||
| Yes | 576 (90.6) | 289 (88.9) | 287 (88.9) |
| No | 48 (7.4) | 25 (7.7) | 23 (7.1) |
| Did not know or refused to answer | 12 (1.9) | 5 (1.5) | 7 (2.2) |
| Unstable housing | |||
| No | 192 (29.6) | 94 (28.9) | 98 (30.3) |
| Not in past 6 mo | 158 (24.4) | 86 (26.5) | 72 (22.3) |
| Past 6 mo | 283 (43.7) | 138 (42.5) | 145 (44.9) |
| Currently employed full time or part time | |||
| No | 450 (69.4) | 224 (68.9) | 226 (70.0) |
| Part time or full time | 181 (27.9) | 95 (29.2) | 86 (26.6) |
| Did not know or refused to answer | 6 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 4 (1.2) |
| Current monthly income, $ | |||
| 0 | 158 (24.4) | 81 (24.9) | 77 (23.8) |
| <1-500 | 88 (13.6) | 42 (12.9) | 46 (14.2) |
| 501-1500 | 193 (29.8) | 103 (31.7) | 90 (27.9) |
| 1501-3000 | 99 (15.3) | 49 (15.1) | 50 (15.5) |
| >3000 | 55 (8.5) | 24 (7.4) | 31 (9.6) |
| Did not know or refused to answer | 44 (6.8) | 22 (6.8) | 22 (6.8) |
| Plans to change drug use | |||
| Yes | 562 (86.7) | 281 (86.5) | 281 (87.0) |
| No | 37 (5.7) | 17 (5.2) | 20 (6.2) |
| Maybe | 17 (2.6) | 10 (3.1) | 7 (2.2) |
| Did not know or refused to answer | 16 (2.5) | 8 (2.5) | 8 (2.5) |
| When do you think you might do so?b | |||
| More than 12 mo from now | 6 (0.9) | 4 (1.2) | 2 (0.6) |
| In the next 6 to 12 mo | 11 (1.7) | 8 (2.5) | 3 (0.9) |
| In the next 1 to 6 mo | 17 (2.6) | 11 (3.4) | 6 (1.9) |
| In the next 30 d | 53 (8.2) | 23 (7.1) | 30 (9.3) |
| Today | 472 (72.8) | 235 (72.3) | 237 (73.4) |
| Motivation and readiness for treatment, mean (SD)c | 46.6 (7.5) | 46.6 (7.3) | 46.6 (7.7) |
| Addiction treatmentd | |||
| Never | 133 (20.5) | 61 (18.8) | 72 (22.3) |
| Not currently | 314 (48.5) | 152 (46.8) | 162 (50.2) |
| Currently | 178 (27.5) | 100 (30.8) | 78 (24.1) |
| Ever received methadone treatmentd | |||
| Yes | 253 (39.0) | 162 (49.8) | 127 (39.3) |
| No | 395 (61.0) | 199 (61.2) | 196 (60.7) |
| Ever received buprenorphine treatmentd | |||
| Yes | 236 (36.4) | 107 (32.9) | 129 (39.9) |
| No | 412 (63.6) | 218 (67.1) | 194 (60.1) |
| Ever experienced barrier to treatment accessd | |||
| Yes | 226 (34.9) | 113 (34.8) | 113 (35.0) |
| No | 401 (61.9) | 203 (62.5) | 198 (61.3) |
| Did not know or refused to answer | 12 (1.9) | 5 (1.5) | 7 (2.2) |
| Ever injected drugsd | |||
| Yes | 333 (51.4) | 170 (52.3) | 163 (50.5) |
| No | 261 (40.3) | 132 (40.6) | 129 (39.9) |
| Did not know or refused to answer | 11 (1.7) | 6 (1.8) | 5 (1.5) |
a
Race and ethnicity were self-reported, and no further level of detail for “other” was available.
b
If plans to change were endorsed.
c
Data missing for 43 participants.
d
Self-reported.