Table 2.

Recommended dosing of different systemic antifungal in dermatophytosis

Class	Drug	Preparation	Disease state	Dosage	Target of organism	Medicinal property	References
Azoles (Imidazoles)	Clotrimazole	Cream, gel, lotion, solution, powder	Tinea versicolor	4–5 (troches) once daily for 10–14 days	Aspergillus sp., Malassezia furfur	Anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral, wound healing	[ 15 ]
	Ketoconazole	Cream, lotion, shampoo, soap, powder	Tinea pedis, Tinea cruris, Tinea corporis	2% Cream apply once daily 2 weeks Oral 200–400 mg/once daily for 4 weeks	C. albicans, M. furfur	Antiviral, antifungal	[ 16 ]
	Miconazole	Cream, lotion	Oral candidiasis, canine Malassezia dermatitis	50‐mg once in daily for 10‐14 days	Aspergillus sp.	Antibacterial, antiprotozoal	[ 17 ]
Azoles (Trinazoles)	Fluconazole	Cream, Gel, Lotion, Powder, Solution	Candida sp.	Oral: 150–300 mg once weekly 2–4 weeks	Candida sp.	Antiviral, antifungal	[ 18 ]
	Itraconazole	Cream	Tinea unguium, Pityriasis versicolor	200 mg/day in two times daily 1–2 weeks	A. fumigatus, A.terreus, C. neoformans	Antiviral, antifungal	[ 19 ]
	Efinaconazole	Solution	Tinea pedis, Tinea unguium	One troche dissolved in the mouth five times a day for 2 weeks	Aspergillus sp., T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum	Antiviral, antifungal	[ 20 ]
Allylamines	Naftifine	Cream, gel, solution, powder	Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)	1% cream in Twice daily for 15 days	E. floccosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, M. audouini, M. canis, M. gypseum	Antifungal	[ 21 ]
	Terbinafine	Cream, gel	Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis, Tinea unguium	250 mg once daily for 1 week every 1 month	T. rubrum, T. tonsurans	Antifungal, anti‐inflammatory	[ 19 ]
Benzylamines	Butenafine	Cream	Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis	1% (Mentax) cream 1 week or once daily for 4 weeks	T. rubrum.	Antifungal, antiviral	[ 22 ]
Polyenes	Amphotericin B	Lipid based gel	Tinea corporis	1 mg/kg once daily for 2–4 weeks.	H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. neoformans, Candida sp., A. fumigatus, A. flavus	Antifungal	[ 23 ]
	Nystatin	Cream	Oral thrush, intestinal infection, vaginal infection, cutaneous infection	4–5 per daily for 10–14 days	Candidemia, Invasive aspergillus	Antifungal	[ 19 ]

Note: Aspergillus spp.: A. flavus, A. fumigates, A. terreus; Blastomyces sp.: B. dermatitidies, Candida sp.: C. albicans; Cryptococcus sp.: C. neoformans; Epidermophyton sp.: E. floccosum; Histoplasma sp.: H. capsulatum; Malassezia sp.: M. furfur; Microsporum spp.: M. audouini, M. canis, M. gypseum; Trichophyton spp.: T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum). ¹⁵ , ¹⁶ , ¹⁷ , ¹⁸ , ²⁴