Figure 4.

A priori sample size calculations are essential for generating meaningful results with clinical trials. Created by the authors. This infographic focuses on key elements a priori sample size calculations that should be reported in clinical trial publication. However, it is important to note that each element should be justified individually including the thresholds for type 1 and type 2 errors, and the expected effect size. Lakens free article on sample size justification provides an excellent overview of aspects to consider when planning empirical research studies.⁹⁶