Table 5.

Post-hoc results from Wilcoxon signed-rank tests on nurse practitioner and physician assistant perceived efficacy of buprenorphine (BUP), methadone (MET), and naltrexone (NTX)

Perceived efficacy	Comparison	Ties	Positive ranks		Negative ranks		Effect size	Z	Pa
			n	Sum of ranks	n	Sum of ranks
Decreases risk of death from an opioid overdose	MET vs NTX	88	24	2796	48	6168	− 0.25	− 3.16	0.002
	BUP vs NTX	112	28	3634.5	9	1212.5	0.25	3.03	0.003
	BUP vs MET	110	56	7987	7	959	0.47	6.20	< 0.001
Decreases cravings for opioids	MET vs NTX	103	36	4813	23	3034	0.14	1.73	0.088
	BUP vs NTX	104	40	5052.5	5	662.5	0.42	5.14	< 0.001
	BUP vs MET	135	34	5231	3	467	0.39	5.08	< 0.001
Decreases rates of relapse	MET vs NTX	98	27	3370.5	36	4819.5	− 0.11	− 1.40	0.156
	BUP vs NTX	103	30	3699	12	1530	0.22	2.68	0.008
	BUP vs MET	107	51	7031.5	10	1386.5	0.40	5.21	< 0.001
Works well in clients with co- occurring mental health disorders	MET vs NTX	92	27	3307.5	41	5294.5	− 0.15	− 1.90	0.058
	BUP vs NTX	101	34	4164.5	11	1415.5	0.27	3.30	0.001
	BUP vs MET	108	53	7349	7	961	0.46	5.93	< 0.001
Should be supplemented by mental health counseling	MET vs NTX	135	19	2831	8	1192	0.17	2.12	0.052
	BUP vs NTX	116	17	2167.5	7	916.5	0.17	1.99	0.064
	BUP vs MET	144	13	1989	6	937	0.12	1.57	0.167
Should be supplemented by participation in peer support groups	MET vs NTX	132	20	2955	10	1470	0.14	1.84	0.080
	BUP vs NTX	120	19	2530.5	7	940.5	0.19	2.34	0.028
	BUP vs MET	149	13	2067	7	1123	0.10	1.32	0.263
Efficacy is improved by adding mental health counseling	MET vs NTX	135	19	2805	5	735	0.23	2.86	0.006
	BUP vs NTX	125	19	2584	4	567	0.25	3.07	0.003
	BUP vs MET	150	13	2077	7	1133	0.10	1.32	0.259
Appropriate for unstable patients	MET vs NTX	72	26	3069	63	7344	− 0.30	− 3.81	< 0.001
	BUP vs NTX	69	32	3382	41	4356	− 0.09	− 1.06	0.300
	BUP vs MET	97	46	6071	20	2542	0.26	3.31	0.001
Often diverted or misused	MET vs NTX	55	95	10,136	7	727	0.68	8.51	< 0.001
	BUP vs NTX	61	78	8677.5	17	1677.5	0.52	6.44	< 0.001
	BUP vs MET	82	34	4328	66	8922	− 0.25	− 3.42	0.001

^aHolm-Bonferroni method adjusted p-values for 27 comparisons

Bold values indicate a test is significant once the corrected p-value is less than the significance level of 0.05