Table 2.
Results of meta-analyses of prevalence of anxiety among Chinese university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | I2 (%) | Z | P | Model | Begger test | Egger test | P-values for heterogeneity from meta-regression | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All studies | 24.8 | (20.7, 29.0) | 99.9 | 11.71 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.944 | 0.063 | |
| Sampling method | 0.809 | ||||||||
| Random sampling | 21.1 | (17.1,25.0) | 99.1 | 10.44 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.221 | 0.098 | |
| Convenience sampling | 27.8 | (16.6, 39.1) | 100 | 4.84 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.876 | 0.257 | |
| Others | 23.1 | (13.4,32.7) | 99.5 | 4.68 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.368 | 0.170 | |
| Cluster sampling | 25.1 | (24.2,26.0) | 13.2 | 53.36 | <0.001 | Fixed model | 1.000 | - | |
| Anxiety assessment | 0.672 | ||||||||
| Anxiety subscale of DASS-21 | 35.5 | (8.4,62.5) | 99.4 | 2.57 | 0.010 | Random model | 1.000 | 0.091 | |
| SAS | 19.7 | (9.6,29.7) | 98.5 | 3.84 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.221 | 0.094 | |
| GAD-7 | 21.8 | (16.1,27.5) | 100 | 7.50 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.760 | 0.133 | |
| Others | 34.6 | (20.2,49.1) | 98.7 | 4.69 | <0.001 | Random model | 1.000 | 0.634 | |
| Sample size | 0.073 | ||||||||
| ＞1000 | 21.6 | (16.5,26.8) | 100 | 8.29 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.685 | 0.120 | |
| ＜1000 | 31.1 | (21.8, 40.3) | 97.8 | 6.58 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.251 | 0.066 | |
| Male | 0.069 | ||||||||
| ＞50% | 8.00 | (3.1,12.9) | 98.2 | 3.21 | 0.001 | Random model | 1.000 | - | |
| ＜50% | 26.4 | (21.9, 30.8) | 99.9 | 11.61 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.342 | 0.050 | |
| NOS | 0.888 | ||||||||
| ＞7 | 25.4 | (22.7,28.1) | 99.8 | 18.28 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.711 | 0.018 | |
| ≤7 | 24.2 | (16.2,32.3) | 99.9 | 5.89 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.053 | 0.057 | |
| Postgraduate | 0.025 | ||||||||
| No | 13.9 | (8.5,19.4) | 99.4 | 4.99 | <0.001 | Random model | 1.000 | 0.885 | |
| Unclear | 28.4 | (23.4,33.5) | 99.9 | 11.03 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.529 | 0.076 | |
| Hubei Province | 0.473 | ||||||||
| No | 14.8 | (13.4,16.1) | - | 21.66 | <0.001 | Fixed model | - | - | |
| Unclear | 25.3 | (21.0,29.5) | 99.9 | 11.61 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.785 | 0.065 | |
| Early stage of the epidemic | 0.552 | ||||||||
| Yes | 17.2 | (12.7,21.6) | 98.3 | 7.55 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.806 | 0.874 | |
| No | 29.1 | (18.1,40.0) | 99.5 | 5.21 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.348 | 0.013 | |
| Unclear | 25.0 | (18.6,31.5) | 100 | 7.60 | <0.001 | Random model | 0.640 | 0.206 | |
| Medical related majors | 0.866 | ||||||||
| Yes | 22.1 | (16.6,27.6) | - | 7.85 | <0.001 | Fixed model | - | - | |
| Unclear | 24.9 | (20.7,29.2) | 99.9 | 11.53 | <0.001 | Random model | 1.000 | 0.065 |