Table 2.
Bivariate associations between food insecurity, sociodemographic and economic characteristics of study participants with their quality of life parameters SF-12 components (PCS-SF12 and MCS-SF12).
| PCS-SF12‡ | p-value† | MCS-SF12‡ | p-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ±SD | Mean ±SD | |||
| Food insecurity status | ||||
| Food secure | 55.22 ± 6.10 | 0.024 | 36.06 ± 9.51 | 0.004 |
| Food insecure | 53.34 ± 7.38 | 32.87 ± 8.45 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 54.89 ± 6.24 | 0.628 | 36.30 ± 8.68 | 0.169 |
| Female | 54.44 ± 6.76 | 34.53 ± 9.39 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single/widowed/married | 54.84 ± 6.59 | 0.335 | 34.51 ± 9.26 | 0.359 |
| Married | 54.09 ± 6.72 | 35.50 ± 9.26 | ||
| Monthly income | ||||
| No income | 48.59 ± 0.01 | 0.100 | 35.52 ± 0.01 | 0.026 |
| Low (<1.500.000 LL) | 52.65 ± 7.68 | 33.03 ± 8.44 | ||
| Intermediate (1.500.000–3.000.000 LL) | 54.80 ± 7.19 | 32.57 ± 9.03 | ||
| High (>3.000.000 LL) | 55.24 ± 5.64 | 35.82 ± 8.98 | ||
| Refuse to answer | 52.96 ± 8.24 | 37.92 ± 11.04 | ||
| Education level | ||||
| Intermediate and below | 58.13 ± 2.33 | 0.011 | 29.07 ± 9.63 | 0.279 |
| Secondary | 49.27 ± 11.71 | 37.54 ± 14.45 | ||
| University | 54.71 ± 6.32 | 34.88 ± 8.99 | ||
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 54.70 ± 6.46 | 0.602 | 34.45 ± 9.12 | 0.296 |
| Unemployed | 54.30 ± 6.93 | 35.59 ± 9.46 | ||
| Perceived financial status | ||||
| Poor | 52.91 ± 7.98 | 0.257 | 32.10 ± 9.99 | 0.011 |
| Average | 54.91 ± 6.23 | 35.37 ± 9.08 | ||
| Rich | 54.05 ± 5.23 | 44.26 ± 5.24 | ||
| Refuse to answer | 52.95 ± 9.28 | 31.76 ± 8.34 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Yes | 54.43 ± 6.58 | 0.854 | 33.79 ± 9.68 | 0.184 |
| No | 54.58 ± 6.68 | 35.35 ± 9.07 | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Yes | 55.44 ± 6.87 | 0.023 | 34.07 ± 9.11 | 0.126 |
| No | 53.70 ± 6.34 | 35.69 ± 9.36 | ||
| Taking medication for insomnia | ||||
| Yes | 52.44 ± 6.23 | 0.145 | 32.33 ± 7.91 | 0.198 |
| No | 54.69 ± 6.66 | 35.09 ± 9.33 | ||
| Taking medication for depression | ||||
| Yes | 52.58 ± 9.01 | 0.371 | 29.00 ± 9.42 | 0.052 |
| No | 54.60 ± 6.57 | 35.09 ± 9.21 | ||
| Taking medication for anxiety | ||||
| Yes | 56.34 ± 7.63 | 0.469 | 24.07 ± 7.51 | 0.002 |
| No | 54.50 ± 6.63 | 35.17 ± 9.15 | ||
| Correlation coefficient | p -value | Correlation coefficient | p -value | |
| Age | −0.083 | 0.146 | 0.037 | 0.516 |
| Fear of poverty | −0.037 | 0.524 | −0.260 | <0.001 |
| Fear of COVID-19 scale | −0.079 | 0.171 | −0.213 | <0.001 |
| Household crowding index | −0.117 | 0.041 | −0.066 | 0.248 |
| Financial wellbeing scale (IFDFW) | 0.069 | 0.228 | 0.377 | <0.001 |
‡
MCS, mental component summary; PCS, physical component summary. PCS and MCS range from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health).
†
In order to compare the categorical variable with two groups with the MCS and PCS scales, the independent-sample t-test was used, whereas the ANOVA test was used to compare between three or more means. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the association between continuous variables. Statistical significance was presented as p < 0.05.